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. 2021 Aug 15;78(4):1067–1079. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17567

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© 2021 The Authors.

Hypertension is published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited, the use is noncommercial, and no modifications or adaptations are made.

This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections.

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Figure 4. — sFLT1 (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1) impairs decidual trophoblast invasion during spiral artery remodeling. A, Anti-Cyto (cytokeratin) stained spiral arteries (SpAs) in decidua/mesometrial triangle (MT) and overview between spongiotrophoblast and decidua at 14.5 days postconception (dpc) and (B) at 18.5 dpc; scale bar: 200 µm decidua/MT, 100 µm overview; arrows denote Cyto-positive cells surrounding SpAs; asterisks denote round-shaped Cyto-positive cells not surrounding SpAs at 14.5 dpc. C, Quantification of Cyto-positive cell-migration revealed reduced trophoblast cell invasion upon hsFLT1 (human sFLT1) overexpression (preeclampsia homozygous for hsFLT1 and wild type for rtTA, homozygous for hsFLT1 and heterozygous for rtTA, and homozygous for hsFLT1 and homozygous for rtTA) compared with controls (Ctrl/doxycycline [Dox] Ctrl) at 14.5 dpc, [D] with recovery at 18.5 dpc in PE wt and het but not PE hom placentas. E/F, mRNA levels of prolactin family 2, subfamily c, member 2 (Prl2c2), matrix metalloproteinases (Mmp2 and Mmp9), were lower in PE wt and het compared with Ctrl at 14.5 dpc (E), improved until 18.5 dpc (F), whereas tumor necrosis factor α (Tnfα), transforming growth factor β (Tgfβ), and interferon γ (Infγ) were upregulated at 14.5 dpc (E) and 18.5 dpc (F). Data are presented as box plot with median, interquartile range±upper/lower extreme, or as mean±SEM; sample size n is listed under each graph respectively; Kruskal-Wallis combined with Dunn multiple comparisons test; *P<0.05, **P<0.01, and ***P<0.001. D indicates decidua; L, labyrinth, Sp, spongiotrophoblast.