Fig 1. Road construction phases.

a) ‘Before’—satellite image of part of the study area before road construction. The hatched orange area indicates the location of the M11 motorway construction zone adjacent to the N11 road. The N11 is represented by the green line. b) ‘During’—aerial photograph of part of the study area taken during road construction revealing the extent of the change to the habitat. The N11 can be seen to the right-hand side of the photograph. c) ‘After’—aerial photograph of part of the study area taken upon completion of road construction. The motorway and access roads were completely enclosed in continuous badger-proof fencing.