Table 1.

Summary of virtual reality simulator costs and validity

Simulator	Year of release	Cost (USD)	Validation
da Vinci skills simulator	2011	$89,000	Face, content, construct, concurrent, predictive [4, 24, 25]
Mimic dV trainer	2007	$158,000	Face, content, construct, concurrent, predictive [1, 4, 24, 25]
ProMIS simulator	2003	$50,000	Face, content, construct [4, 24, 27]
Simsurgery Educational Platform	2005	$62,000	Face, content, construct [4, 24]
Robotic Surgical Simulator	2010	$120,000	Face, content [4, 24]
RobotiX Mentor	2016	$137,000	Face, content, construct [4, 24]