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Animal models for robotic surgical training
| Model | Skills | Study and year | Cost | Validation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Porcine kidney | Partial nephrectomy | Yang et al. (2009) [29] | Not reported | Face, content |
| Live porcine model | Port placement and docking, basic and advanced robotic skills | Raison et al. (2021) [31] | Not reported | Face, content |
| Live porcine model | Left-sided pyeloplasty | Passerotti et al. (2009) [30] | Not reported | Not reported |
