Table 4.
Microbial growth analysis of microencapsulated B. bassiana exposed to UV-light and controlled temperature (Formulation codes are listed in Table 1).
| Spray drying formulations | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formulation code | 1 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 11 | 13 | 15 | CF | |||||||||||
| Fungal development | YH | HG | YH | HG | YH | HG | YH | HG | YH | HG | YH | HG | YH | HG | YH | HG | YH | HG | YH | HG | |
| Conditions | Control UV I | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | ++ | + | + | ++ | ++ | + | + |
| Control UV II | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | ++ | + | + | + | + | + | – | |
| UV (48 h) | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | + | – | – | ++ | + | ++ | ++ | + | + | ++ | – | + | – | |
| 60°C (4 h) | ++ | ++ | + | + | ++ | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | – | + | – | – | – | ++ | + | + | - | |
| Ionic gelation formulations | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Formulation code | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | CF | ||||||||||||
| Fungal development | YH | HG | YH | HG | YH | HG | YH | HG | YH | HG | YH | HG | YH | HG | YH | HG | YH | HG | |||
| Conditions | Control UV I | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | + | ||
| Control UV II | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | + | |||
| UV (48 h) | ++ | ++ | – | – | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | – | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | - | |||
| 60°C (4 h) | – | – | ++ | ++ | – | – | ++ | ++ | – | – | ++ | ++ | – | – | ++ | ++ | + | - | |||
| Formulation code | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | |||||||||||||
| Fungal development | YH | HG | YH | HG | YH | HG | YH | HG | YH | HG | YH | HG | YH | HG | YH | HG | |||||
| Conditions | Control UV I | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | + | ++ | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ||||
| Control UV II | ++ | + | ++ | ++ | + | + | ++ | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | |||||
| UV (48 h) | ++ | – | ++ | + | – | – | ++ | + | – | – | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | |||||
| 60°C (4 h) | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | – | – | + | – | – | – | ++ | – | ++ | + | ++ | + | |||||
YH, young microbial hyphae; HG, hyphae showing germinative structure; CF, Commercial formulation, unprocessed commercial conidia under no UV or temperature treatment; Control UV I = conidia without exposure to UV radiation kept at 20°C for 48 h; Control UV II = conidia without exposure to UV radiation, however, they were kept inside the chamber during all 48 h of the assay; “++”: vegetative and germinative growth in BDA culture medium after abiotic stress, covering an area larger than 50% of the Petri dish; “+”: vegetative and germinative growth in BDA culture medium after abiotic stress, covering an area <50% of the Petri dish; “–”: no observed vegetative and germinative growth in BDA culture medium after abiotic stress.