Table 5.
Impacts of spray drying microencapsulated B. bassiana by (SD) and ionic gelation (IG) in S. cosmioides life cycle stages.
| Formulation | Caterpillar mortality (%) | Formed pupae (%) | Average pupal weight ±σ (g) | Total mortality (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SD 1 | 30 | 30 | 0.320 ± 0.015 | 70 |
| SD 3 | 40 | 40 | 0.370 ± 0.023 | 60 |
| SD 5 | 30 | 30 | 0.290 ± 0.024 | 70 |
| SD 8 | 20 | 40 | 0.300 ± 0.002 | 60 |
| SD 11 | 50 | 30 | 0.360 ± 0.034 | 70 |
| IG 1 | 70 | 30 | 0.390 ± 0.025 | 70 |
| IG 4 | 70 | 20 | 0.310 ± 0.000 | 80 |
| IG 6 | 50 | 20 | 0.290 ± 0.007 | 80 |
| IG 8 | 40 | 30 | 0.340 ± 0.014 | 70 |
| IG 10 | 0 | 10 | 0.370 ± 0.000 | 90 |
| IG 15 | 50 | 30 | 0.280 ± 0.042 | 70 |
| IG 16 | 40 | 30 | 0.320 ± 0.000 | 70 |
| Control C– | 0 | 100 | 0.360 ± 0.037 | 0 |
| Control CA– | 0 | 100 | 0.340 ± 0.039 | 0 |
| Control C+ | 50 | 0 | -o- | 100 |
SD, caterpillars subjected to assay with products formulated by spray drying; IG, caterpillars subjected to assays with products formulated by ionic gelation; C+: positive control, containing unformulated B. bassiana; C–, negative control, treatment free of entomopathogenic microorganisms; CA–, negative control, entomopathogenic treatment free of microorganisms, however, containing alginate. Numbers are the formulation as described in Table 1; σ, standard deviation.