Table 1.

Reaction conditions for solvent-assisted pretreatment of various biomass, and corresponding enzymatic sugar yields and the NMR-derived observable X_NMR. The temperature in the lignin removal step was 100°C for each entry. The catalyst was 100 mM H₂SO₄ for all lignin- and sugar-removal steps. Bleaching was carried out as described in the methods above. See ESI for full details and corresponding liquid-phase product assays. Enzymatic hydrolysis was performed with 10 wt% CelR cellulase (see methods) and 0.5 mg/mL pretreated material in a total volume of 1 mL for 24 hours with shaking.

Entry	Biomass type	Organic solvent (wt%) – lignin removal step	Organic solvent (wt%) – sugar removal step	Temp. – sugar removal step / °C	Bleached? (Y/N)	Dried? (Y/N)	XNMR	Enzymatic sugar yield from residual cellulose (wt% of theor. maximum)
1	P39	GVL (90)	--	--	N	N	0.504	0.0
2	P39	GVL (90)	--	--	N	Y	0.485	0.0
3	P39	GVL (90)	--	--	Y	N	0.530	0.0
4	P39	GVL (90)	--	--	Y	Y	0.507	0.0
5	P39	GVL (90)	GVL (80)	120	N	N	0.545	0.3
6	P39	GVL (90)	GVL (80)	120	N	Y	0.522	0.0
7	P39	GVL (90)	GVL (80)	120	Y	N	0.608	3.7
8	P39	GVL (90)	GVL (80)	120	Y	Y	0.580	1.8
9	P39	GVL (90)	GVL (80)	140	N	N	0.745	31.8
10	P39	GVL (90)	GVL (80)	140	N	Y	0.710	7.4
11	P39	GVL (90)	GVL (80)	140	Y	N	0.775	38.0
12	P39	GVL (90)	GVL (80)	140	Y	Y	0.747	11.7
13	P39	THF (90)	THF (80)	140	N	N	0.779	32.3
14	P39	MeCN (90)	MeCN (80)	140	N	N	0.684	14.1
15	P39	NMP (90)	NMP (80)	140	N	N	0.609	6.4
16	P39	DMSO (90)	DMSO (80)	140	N	N	0.633	6.9
17	NM6	GVL (90)	GVL (80)	140	N	N	0.711	28.1
18	Sorghum	GVL (90)	GVL (80)	140	N	N	0.582	7.9
19	switchgrass	GVL (90)	GVL (80)	140	N	N	0.545	10.4
20	Corn stover	GVL (90)	GVL (80)	140	N	N	0.698	20.1