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. 2021 Aug 16;13:716383. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.716383

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Copyright © 2021 Wu, Liu, Wang, Chen, Huang, Sun, Ma, Wan, Sun and Miao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Hippocampus-dependent learning and memory, but not hippocampus-independent learning and memory or motor activity was impaired by anesthesia/surgery in aged mice. (A) The experimental process’ schematic diagram. (B) The baseline of total distance the elderly mice traveled in open field test (OFT) during the training period 1 day before surgery. (C) The baseline of freezing time (%) in fear conditioning test (FCT) of aged mice during the training duration 1 day before surgery. (D) The total distance traveled in OFT 3 days after the operation. (E) Freezing time percentage in the FCT context test 3 days after surgery. (F) Freezing time percentage in the FCT tone test 3 days postoperatively. Data for each group are shown as the mean ± standard error (n = 10). **p < 0.01 compared with the control group.