TABLE 1.
Descriptive statistics for the participant characteristics (n = 521) and the electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) measures.
| Continuous measures | Mean (SD) | Range |
| Age | 23.19 (1.67) | 18.00–25.00 |
| SES adulthood | 3.63 (1.67) | 1.00–7.00 |
| SES childhood | 3.73 (1.62) | 1.00–7.00 |
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| Categorical measures | Category | n (% of) sample |
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| Gender | Female | 313 (60.1%) |
| Male | 193 (37.0%) | |
| Gender diverse | 15 (2.9%) | |
| Ethnicity (Top 6) | White | 342 (65.6%) |
| Mixed | 66 (12.7%) | |
| Black | 38 (7.3%) | |
| Asian | 30 (5.8%) | |
| Hispanic | 29 (5.6%) | |
| Other | 16 (3.1%) | |
| Student/employment status | Student | 229 (44.0%) |
| Employed | 234 (44.9%) | |
| Unemployed | 58 (11.1%) | |
| Highest attainment1 | Not in further education, unemployed | 36 (6.9%) |
| Not in further education, employed | 76 (14.6%) | |
| In further education | 229 (44.0%) | |
| Completed further education, unemployed | 22 (4.2%) | |
| Completed further education, employed | 158 (30.3%) | |
| Location | Urban | 202 (38.8%) |
| Suburban | 237 (45.5%) | |
| Rural | 82 (15.7%) | |
| Smoking frequency | Don’t smoke now | 442 (84.8%) |
| Less than once a month | 17 (3.3%) | |
| At least once a month | 14 (2.7) | |
| At least once a week | 12 (2.3%) | |
| At least once a day | 36 (6.9%) | |
| Current smoker2 | Current smoker | 62 (11.9%) |
| Not a current smoker | 459 (88.1%) | |
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| ENDS survey measures | Category | n (% of sample) |
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| Ever-use | Yes | 282 (54.1%) |
| No | 239 (45.9%) | |
| Vaping frequency | Not at all | 377 (72.4%) |
| Less than monthly | 51 (9.8%) | |
| At least once a month | 18 (3.5%) | |
| At least once a week | 18 (3.5%) | |
| Everyday | 57 (10.9%) | |
| n (% of Never Users) | ||
| Vape susceptibility (Friend) | Definitely Yes | 5 (2.1%) |
| Probably Yes | 16 (6.7%) | |
| Probably No | 35 (14.6%) | |
| Definitely No | 183 (76.6%) | |
| Vape susceptibility (6-months) | Definitely Yes | 1 (0.4%) |
| Probably Yes | 9 (3.8%) | |
| Probably No | 33 (13.8%) | |
| Definitely No | 196 (82.0%) | |
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| ENDS analyzed measures | ||
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| Ever-use | Yes | 282 (54.1%) |
| No | 239 (45.9%) | |
| Current use3 | Current user | 93 (17.9%) |
| Not a current user | 428 (82.1%) | |
| Susceptibility (n = 239)4 | ||
| Based on two groups5 | Susceptible | 61 (25.5%) |
| Not susceptible | 178 (74.5%) | |
| Based on three groups6 | Highly susceptible | 22 (9.2%) |
| Moderately susceptible | 39 (21.9%) | |
| Not susceptible | 178 (74.5%) | |
1Highest attainment was computed from combining information from the Student/Employment Status measure with the Level of Education measure (not shown). Further education was defined as any tertiary-level program (university, college, polytechnic) beyond the high school level.
2Current smoker defined as using at least once a month to once a day.
3Current use defined as past 30-day use (Vaping frequency at least once a month to everyday).
4Vape susceptibility measured only in the 239 participants who responded No to Ever-using a vape.
5Two groups defined as Susceptible (answered Definitely Yes, Probably Yes, or Probably No to at least one of the Friend and 6-months susceptibility questions) or Not Susceptible (answered Definitely No to both the Friend and 6-months susceptibility questions), based on Pierce et al. (1996).
6Three groups defined as Highly Susceptible (answered Definitely Yes, or Probably Yes to either the Friend or 6-months susceptibility questions), Moderately Susceptible (did not answer Definitely No to both the Friend or 6-months susceptibility questions, and did not answer Definitely Yes or Probably Yes to either the Friend or 6-months susceptibility questions) or Not Susceptible (answered Definitely No to both the Friend and 6-months susceptibility questions). These labels are equivalent to Highly Susceptible, Susceptible, and Committed Never User from Strong et al. (2015), respectively.