TABLE 3.
Results of independent logistic regressions showing estimates in odds ratios (confidence intervals) for psychological predictors of ENDS ever-use, current use, and susceptibility.
| Psychological variables |
Ever use [Ref: Never Use] (n = 521) |
Current use [Ref: Not a Current User] (n = 521) |
Susceptibility (two groups) [Ref: Not Susceptible] (n = 239) |
| Perceived stress | 1.394 (1.167–1.666), p < 0.001 | 1.415 (1.120–1.787), p = 0.004 | 1.252 (0.940–1.668), p = 0.125 |
| Anxiety | 1.410 (1.178–1.687), p < 0.001 | 1.300 (1.042–1.620), p = 0.020 | 1.417 (1.062–1.890), p = 0.018 |
| Depressive symptoms | 1.493 (1.245–1.790), p < 0.001 | 1.353 (1.085–1.686), p = 0.007 | 1.233 (0.908–1.674), p = 0.179 |
| Curiosity & exploration | 1.156 (0.972–1.376), p = 0.101 | 1.068 (0.853–1.337), p = 0.568 | 0.762 (0.561–1.034), p = 0.081 |
| Neuroticism (N) | 1.369 (1.147–1.635), p = 0.001 | 1.191 (0.948–1.496), p = 0.133 | 1.308 (0.969–1.765), p = 0.079 |
| N–withdrawal | 1.373 (1.151–1.640), p < 0.001 | 1.290 (1.024–1.626), p = 0.031 | 1.368 (1.009–1.854), p = 0.043 |
| N–volatility | 1.295 (1.086–1.544), p = 0.004 | 1.071 (0.855–1.341), p = 0.550 | 1.197 (0.895–1.602), p = 0.225 |
| Agreeableness (A) | 1.062 (0.894–1.263), p = 0.491 | 1.188 (0.943–1.496), p = 0.144 | 0.955 (0.721–1.264), p = 0.745 |
| A–compassion | 1.106 (0.930–1.314), p = 0.254 | 1.147 (0.909–1.447), p = 0.247 | 0.948 (0.722–1.244), p = 0.699 |
| A–politeness | 0.991 (0.834–1.178), p = 0.920 | 1.180 (0.938–1.486), p = 0.157 | 0.979 (0.732–1.311), p = 0.889 |
| Conscientiousness (C) | 0.718 (0.601–0.858), p < 0.001 | 0.549 (0.429–0.703), p < 0.001 | 0.581 (0.425–0.794), p = 0.001 |
| C–industriousness | 0.783 (0.657–0.933), p = 0.006 | 0.625 (0.493–0.794), p < 0.001 | 0.648 (0.479–0.875), p = 0.005 |
| C–orderliness | 0.723 (0.605–0.865), p < 0.001 | 0.593 (0.469–0.751), p < 0.001 | 0.616 (0.449–0.844), p = 0.003 |
| Extraversion (E) | 0.989 (0.833–1.176), p = 0.903 | 0.889 (0.710–1.113), p = 0.306 | 0.780 (0.586–1.040), p = 0.091 |
| E–enthusiasm | 0.894 (0.752–1.063), p = 0.206 | 0.807 (0.644–1.012), p = 0.063 | 0.871 (0.654–1.160), p = 0.345 |
| E–Assertiveness | 1.099 (0.924–1.307), p = 0.285 | 1.010 (0.807–1.264), p = 0.934 | 0.732 (0.545–0.983), p = 0.038 |
| Openness/Intellect (O/I) | 1.276 (1.070–1.522), p = 0.007 | 1.194 (0.947–1.504), p = 0.133 | 0.984 (0.742–1.305), p = 0.910 |
| O/I–openness | 1.318 (1.105–1.572), p = 0.002 | 1.293 (1.025–1.632), p = 0.030 | 1.144 (0.852–1.537), p = 0.372 |
| O/I–intellect | 1.150 (0.967–1.368), p = 0.114 | 1.050 (0.837–1.317), p = 0.672 | 0.872 (0.662–1.148), p = 0.329 |
Bolded, significant at the adjusted p < 0.005.