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. 2021 Aug 17;8:722813. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.722813

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Copyright © 2021 Niu, Wang, Zhou, Ma, Waterhouse, Liu, Ahmed, Sun-Waterhouse and Kang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of compounds 5 and 8 on the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS) induced RAW264.7 Cells. (A) Cell survival rates. (B) Phagocytic activity of RAW264.7. (C) The expression levels of nitric oxide (NO) production. (D) mRNA and protein expression of cyclooxygenase- (COX) 2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). (E) Expression levels of key proteins in the NF-κB pathways. (F) Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). β-Actin served as a control. Data shown are means ± SEM. ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05. ^###p < 0.001, ^##p < 0.01, ^#p < 0.05.