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Schematic of the potential mechanisms of the effects of compounds 5 and 8 on the NF-κB signaling pathway in RAW264.7 macrophages. Compounds 5 and 8 exert anti-inflammatory and immune bidirectional regulation by promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and affecting the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway as discussed in the text. The arrows indicate the direction of the signaling pathway.
