Table 1.
Incidence of fatal hemorrhage and risk factors in published reports.
| References | Years | Incidence of early death | Incidence of early hemorrhagic death | Risk factors for early death |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lehmann et al. (8) | 1997–2013 | 49/195 (25.1%) | 22/195 (11.3%) | Age >55 yearsWorse performance statusWBC >5 ×109/L |
| Xu et al. (9) | 2003–2013 | 49/212 (23.1%) | 37/212 (17.5%)a | ECOG PS 3–4High-Risk SanzIncreased creatinineIncreased LDH |
| Park et al. (7) | 1992–2007 | 242/1,400 (17.3%) | N/A | Age >55 years |
| Mantha et al. (11) | 1992–2010 | N/A | 37/995 (3.7%)b | WBC ≥ 20 ×109/L3ECOG PS 3–4c |
| Asou et al. (40) and Yanada et al. (12) | 1997–2002 | 13/283 (4.6%)b | 9/283 (3.2%)b | Fibrinogen <1.0 g/LWBC ≥ 20 ×109/L3ECOG PS 2–3 |
a
Includes all early deaths associated with bleeding, including causes of death where bleeding and other events such as leukostasis were deemed combined causes of death.
b
Clinical trial population rather than registry/center database of all patients with APL.
c
Risk factors for hemorrhagic death rather than all early death.