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. 2021 Aug 17;8:716938. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.716938

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Copyright © 2021 Stoner, Barone Gibbs, Meyer, Fryer, Credeur, Paterson, Stone, Hanson, Kowalsky, Horiuchi, Mack and Dave.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic of carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity (cfPWV). The cfPWV is calculated by dividing path length (D) by pulse transit time (PTT). The PTT is estimated as the difference in time (t) between the proximal (carotid artery) pressure waveform (t1) and distal (femoral artery) pressure waveform (t2).