Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants in control, primary hypertension, and PA patients.
| Parameters | PA (n = 13) | Primary hypertension (n = 26) | Control (n = 26) | p-value (PA vs. primary hypertension vs. control) | p-value (PA vs. control) | p-value (PA vs. primary hypertension) | p-value (primary hypertension vs. control) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | 1.000 (a) | 1.000 (a) | 1.000 (a) | 1.000 (a) | |||
| Male | 8 (61.5%) | 16 (61.5%) | 16 (61.5%) | ||||
| Female | 5 (38.5%) | 10 (38.5%) | 10 (38.5%) | ||||
| Age (years) | 46.4 (11.8) | 56.9 (6.9) | 50.1 (6.0) | <0.001 (b) | 0.196 (b) | 0.001 (b) | <0.001 (b) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.5 (6.4) | 24.1 (5.1) | 23.5 (3.5) | 0.124 (c) | 0.043 (c) | 0.126 (c) | 0.558 (c) |
| SBP (mmHg) | 147.9 (13.8) | 140.9 (14.3) | 122.7 (13.2) | <0.001 (b) | <0.001 (b) | 0.151 (b) | <0.001 (b) |
| DBP (mmHg) | 99.2 (12.2) | 83.2 (8.2) | 77.7 (9.6) | <0.001 (b) | <0.001 (b) | <0.001 (b) | 0.031 (b) |
| Aldosterone–renin ratio | 426.2 (709.3) | 6.1 (7.6) | – | – | – | <0.001 (c) | – |
| Blood potassium (mmol/L) | 3.20 (0.22) | 3.93 (0.22) | 4.34 (0.37) | <0.001 (b) | <0.001 (b) | <0.001 (b) | <0.001 (b) |
| Blood glucose (mmol/L) | 5.42 (1.33) | 5.35 (0.95) | 4.88 (0.65) | 0.053 (c) | 0.036 (c) | 0.964 (c) | 0.019 (c) |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 0.96 (2.18) | 1.45 (0.96) | 1.41 (0.41) | 0.231 (c) | 0.126 (c) | 0.136 (c) | 0.641 (c) |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.35 (0.81) | 4.41 (1.02) | 4.92 (0.96) | 0.101 (b) | 0.077 (b) | 0.864 (b) | 0.070 (b) |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.27 (0.33) | 1.25 (0.28) | 1.26 (0.23) | 0.973 (b) | 0.924 (b) | 0.839 (b) | 0.868 (b) |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.62 (0.64) | 2.54 (0.89) | 2.64 (0.81) | 0.899 (b) | 0.939 (b) | 0.772 (b) | 0.671 (b) |
| DM | 0.036 (a) | 0.035 (a) | 1.000 (a) | 0.050 (a) | |||
| Yes | 4 (30.8%) | 7 (26.9%) | 1 (3.8%) | ||||
| No | 9 (69.2%) | 19 (73.1%) | 25 (96.2%) | ||||
| Smoking | 0.835 (a) | 0.719 (a) | 0.714 (a) | 1.000 (a) | |||
| Yes | 3 (23.1%) | 9 (34.6%) | 8 (30.8%) | ||||
| No | 10 (76.9%) | 17 (65.4%) | 18 (69.2%) | ||||
| Drinking | 1.000 (a) | 1.000 (a) | 1.000 (a) | 1.000 (a) | |||
| Yes | 4 (30.8%) | 9 (34.6%) | 8 (30.8%) | ||||
| No | 9 (69.2%) | 17 (65.4%) | 18 (69.2%) |
(a) Fisher’s exact test, (b) Student’s t-test, (c) Mann–Whitney U test.
PA, primary aldosteronism; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; DM, diabetes mellitus.