Table 1.

Features of patients with the residual gallstones in the caudate lobe.

Features	Values
Male, n (%)	25 (37.8)
Age, range (median, yrs)	33–89 (62)
Comorbidity, n (%)
Previous biliary tract surgery	41 (62.1)
Hepatic lobe atrophy	14 (21.2)
Liver cirrhosis with hypersplenism	8 (12.1)
Surgical method, n (%)
LCBDE-T∗	23 (34.8)
LCBDE-T with hepatic lobectomy	7 (10.6)
OCBDE-T†	15 (22.7)
OCBDE-T with hepatic lobectomy	9 (13.6)
OCBDE-T with cholangiojejunostomy	4 (6.1)
OCBDE-T with splenectomy and paraesophagogastric devascularization	2 (3)
PTCs‡	6 (9.1)
Intraoperative cholangioscopy	46 (69.7)

^∗Laparoscopic common bile duct explorations with T-tube drainage.

^†Open common bile duct explorations with T-tube drainage.

^‡Percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy.