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. 2021 Aug 17;12:705079. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.705079

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Copyright © 2021 Chatzis, Goules, Stergiou, Voulgarelis, Tzioufas and Kapsogeorgou

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Association of CXCL13 serum and saliva levels with histologic, laboratory and clinical features. Mann-Whitney non-parametric analysis revealed that CXCL13 serum levels were significantly increased in pSS patients with ectopic germinal centers (eGCs) in the MSG infiltrates, presence of rheumatoid factor (RF), C4-hypocomplementemia (Low C4), hypergammaglobulinemia (hyper-γ-glob), high ESSDAI score (ESSDAI≥5), high risk to develop NHL (high risk) and NHL, whereas they were inversely correlated with disease duration. CXCL13 saliva levels were significantly increased in patients at high risk to develop NHL. P-values are designated by asterisks (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001), whereas horizontal bars represent the median value of the group.