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. 2021 Aug 17;12:699962. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.699962

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Copyright © 2021 Robles, Roberts, Viengkham, Smith, Rowland, Moslehi, Stadlober, Lesjak, Lesjak, Taylor, Spehar and Sereno.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Fractal ‘trees.’ (A) The seed growth starts with a filled square; (B) a square-shaped seed is used to grow a Sierpinski fractal pattern with D = 1.8; (C) the black background is replaced with a line construction; (D) a square-shaped seed is used to grow a Sierpinski pattern superimposed on this lined background. The patterns are then randomized to morph the exact fractal into a statistical fractal. The D-value of the final fractal is inputted during this growth process. Four examples are shown here: (E) 1.2, (F) 1.4, (G) 1.6, and (H) 1.8.