Table 2.

Group differences in PTSD symptoms with regards to COVID-19-related characteristics among the sample of healthcare workers (N = 4,724).

	n (%)	IES-6 total mean (SD)	Test statistics	p	Effect size
Contact with infected patientsa			t4,690 = 2.378	0.017	d = 0.069
Yes	2,409 (51.3)	16.0 (5.8)
No	2,283 (48.7)	15.6 (6.0)
Contact with contaminated materialb			t4,684 = 4.042	<0.001	d = 0.003
Yes	2,407 (51.4)	16.1 (5.8)
No	2,279 (48.6)	15.4 (6.0)
Risk group because of age or previous illnessc			t4,686 = 8.424	<0.001	d = 0.272
Yes	1,343 (28.6)	16.9 (5.7)
No	3,345 (71.4)	15.3 (5.9)
Infection with SARS-CoV-2 virusb			F2,4683 = 1.199	0.302	${\eta }_p^2$ = 0.001
Yes	50 (1.1)	16.1 (6.2)
No	2,544 (54.3)	15.7 (5.8)
I don't know	2,092 (44.6)	15.9 (6.0)
Displacement of the department due to the pandemicd			t4,690 = 2.695	0.007	d = 0.115
Yes	641 (13.7)	16.4 (5.6)
No	4,051 (86.3)	15.7 (5.9)

Test statistics: t-test (t-value) effect size: Cohen's d; ANOVA (F-value) effect size: partial η².

^aN = 4,692.

^bN = 4,686.

^cN = 4,688.

^dN = 4,692.