Table 1. Data use by data consuming entities.

	National	State	Regional/Local	Hospital/Healthcare Enterprise	Patient/Individual
New Infections/new positive tests Tests Performed PPE availability/burn rate Hospital Beds (Available/Occupied)/Currently Admitted Patients Previously Admitted or COVID positiv Patients Immunizations Mobility Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (mask mandate, social distancing, mandatory closures, …etc.) Social Media Crowdfunding	Disease prediction Tracing Resource utilization forecasting National PPE stockpile forecasting Test Use Prediction Test supply allocation Disease Prediction National PPE stockpile forecasting National resource allocation (e.g., military health care providers) Herd immunity Vaccination target rates Herd immunity Vaccination target rates Immunization priority Disease prediction Disease prediction Resource utilization forecasting Disease prediction Resource utilization forecasting Public health messaging Public sentiment measurement Marker of community in distress	Disease prediction Tracing Resource utilization forecasting State PPE stockpile forecasting Regional Testing Volume Prediction Test supply allocation Testing Type distribution State PPE stockpile forecasting State mandated NPIs Restrictions on businesses Mandatory quarantine Immunization distribution Disease prediction Disease prediction Resource utilization forecasting Disease prediction Resource utilization forecasting Public health messaging Public sentiment measurement Marker of community in distress	Disease prediction Tracing Local shutdown rules (businesses, schools) Mask mandates Testing center planning Transfer of patients planning Field hospital planning NPI determination and shutdowns based on hospital capacity Local herd Immunity Local herd Immunity Disease prediction Disease prediction Resource utilization forecasting Disease prediction Resource utilization forecasting Public health messaging Marker of community in distress	Disease prediction Tracing Resource utilization forecasting Local PPE stockpile forecasting Resource utilization forecasting Reagents and components availability forecasting Surge capacity prediction Local PPE stockpile forecasting PPE reuse strategy Bed & ICU capacity Staff capacity Physical capacity Elective surgery planning Physical capacity planning Immunization event planning Disease prediction Disease prediction Resource utilization forecasting Disease prediction Resource utilization forecasting Public health messaging Marker of community in distress Financial relief	Behaviors (mask wearing, staying home, etc.) Planning/Stockpiling Estimated wait time for testing and results Test availability PPE reuse strategy Behaviors (mask wearing, staying home …etc.) Availability of immunization Behaviors (mask wearing, staying home etc.)… Behaviors (mask wearing, staying home etc.)… Behaviors (mask wearing, staying home etc.)… Financial relief