Table 3.
Summary statistics of patients with and without POCD in different cognitive function tests.
| NPTs | POCD (n = 11) | NPOCD (n = 39) |
|---|---|---|
| MMSE | ||
| Preoperative, mean (SD) | 28.57 (1.40) | 27.46 (3.20) |
| Mo-CA | ||
| Preoperative, mean (SD) | 24.71 (3.45) | 23.29 (4.55) |
| AVLT-I | ||
| Preoperative, mean (SD) | 19.00 (5.35) | 17.29 (5.25) |
| Postoperative, mean (SD) | 15.86 (5.43) | 17.29 (6.46) |
| Difference, mean (SD) | −0.66 (4.91) | −2.83 (3.25) |
| AVLT-D | ||
| Preoperative, mean (SD) | 6.00 (3.36) | 4.50 (3.18) |
| Postoperative, mean (SD) | 3.83 (2.79) | 4.61 (3.43) |
| Difference, mean (SD)* | 1.21 (3.41) | −7.83 (1.76) |
| BVMT-I | ||
| Preoperative, mean (SD) | 16.00 (6.22) | 14.29 (8.91) |
| Postoperative, mean (SD) | 18.57 (8.36) | 16.89 (9.23) |
| Difference, mean (SD) | −3.23 (4.43) | −3.26 (2.94) |
| BVMT-D | ||
| Preoperative, mean (SD) | 7.57 (3.05) | 5.36 (4.43) |
| Postoperative, mean (SD) | 7.50 (3.51) | 5.93 (4.16) |
| Difference, mean (SD) | 0.91 (7.28) | −1.52 (3.60) |
| DSST | ||
| Preoperative, mean (SD) | 35.43 (12.00) | 26.86 (11.00) |
| Postoperative, mean (SD) | 37.29 (13.07) | 27.11 (10.80) |
| Difference, mean (SD) | 0.78 (5.81) | 0.83 (4.75) |
| TMT | ||
| Preoperative, mean (SD) | 63.71 (28.81) | 83.68 (44.86) |
| Postoperative, mean (SD) | 58.00 (27.80) | 78.88 (42.85) |
| Difference, mean (SD) | 0.36 (0.24) | 0.38 (0.60) |
| DST-F | ||
| Preoperative, mean (SD) | 10.14 (3.13) | 6.96 (2.50) |
| Postoperative,median (IQR) | 9.00 (6.00–10.00) | 7.00 (6.00–11.00) |
| Difference, mean (SD) | −0.20 (0.29) | −0.32 (0.24) |
| DST-B | ||
| Preoperative, mean (SD) | 6.57 (3.21) | 4.54 (1.80) |
| Postoperative, mean (SD) | 5.43 (2.44) | 4.93 (1.65) |
| Difference, mean (SD) | 0.13 (0.46) | −0.18 (0.37) |
| SFT | ||
| Preoperative, mean (SD) | 19.14 (6.20) | 16.50 (4.97) |
| Postoperative, mean (SD) | 20.00 (17.79) | 17.71 (5.11) |
| Difference, mean (SD) | −0.20 (0.31) | −0.23 (0.80) |
| STROOP | ||
| Preoperative, mean (SD) | 46.43 (17.91) | 34.61 (13.78) |
| Postoperative, mean (SD) | 43.57 (20.96) | 36.75 (17.139) |
| Difference, mean (SD) | −1.78 (0.95) | −2.22 (0.80) |
| JLOT | ||
| Preoperative, mean (SD) | 17.71 (1.70) | 14.75 (2.84) |
| Postoperative, mean (SD) | 15.14 (2.94) | 15.37 (2.45) |
| Difference, mean (SD)* | −0.10 (1.98) | −2.07 (1.53) |
Difference is the cognitive change between preoperative and postoperative scores, which is displayed as Z-score of a single NPT. MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; JLOT, Judgment Of Line Orientation Test; NPTs, Neuropsychological Tests; MRI, Magnetic Resonance Imaging; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; SD, Standard Deviation; AVLT, Auditory Verbal Learning Test; AVLT-I, Auditory Verbal Learning Test-Immediate; AVLT-D, Auditory Verbal Learning Test-Delayed; Stroop, Stroop Colour Word Test; DSST, Digits Symbol Substitution Tests; BVMT, Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised; BVMT-I, Brief Visuospatial Memory Test -Immediate; BVMT-D, Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Delayed; TMT, Trail Making Test; SFT, Semantic Fluency Test; DST, Digit Span Test; DST-F, Digit Span Test-Forward; DST-B, Digit Span Test-Backward; SD, Standard Deviation; IQR, Interquartile Range.