Table 2.
Baseline clinical characteristics according to brain atrophy levels.
| Mild atrophy (N = 77)a | Intermediate atrophy (N = 77)a | Severe atrophy (N = 77)a | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 58.19 ± 11.15 | 60.26 ± 10.45 | 69.75 ± 11.75 | <0.001 |
| Male, (n %) | 53 (68.83) | 70 (90.91) | 49 (63.64) | <0.001 |
| Baseline NIHSS, median (IQR) | 26.0 (18.0–32.0) | 26.0 (18.0–34.0) | 27.0 (16.0–32.0) | 0.914 |
| PC-ASPECTS, median (IQR) | 8.0 (7.0–9.0) | 8.0 (7.0–9.0) | 8.0 (6.0–9.0) | 0.608 |
| Admission SBP, mmHg, mean ± SD | 142.49 ± 26.00 | 143.90 ± 21.21 | 148.43 ± 21.98 | 0.260 |
| Admission DBP, mmHg, mean ± SD | 84.00 ± 17.30 | 83.86 ± 12.57 | 83.73 ± 15.44 | 0.994 |
| NIHSS at 24 h after EVT, median (IQR) | 23.0 (9.0–35.0) | 27.0 (15.0–34.0) | 30.0 (13.0–35.0) | 0.780 |
| NIHSS at 7 days after EVT, median (IQR) | 15.0 (5.0–35.0) | 18.0 (9.0–35.0) | 23.0 (8.0–35.0) | 0.443 |
| Pre-onset mRS (%) | 0.267 | |||
| 0 | 72 (93.51) | 64 (83.12) | 70 (90.91) | |
| 1 | 4 (5.19) | 11 (14.29) | 5 (6.49) | |
| 2 | 1 (1.30) | 2 (2.60) | 2 (2.60) | |
| History of risk factors, n(%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 48 (62.34) | 52 (67.53) | 52 (67.53) | 0.735 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 24 (31.17) | 17 (22.08) | 12 (15.58) | 0.069 |
| Dyslipidemia | 26 (33.77) | 36 (46.75) | 11 (14.29) | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 13 (16.88) | 9 (11.69) | 23 (29.87) | 0.013 |
| TIA | 2 (2.60) | 2 (2.60) | 1 (1.30) | 0.815 |
| TOAST classification, n(%) | 0.139 | |||
| LAA | 51 (66.23) | 58 (75.32) | 42 (54.55) | |
| CE | 17 (22.08) | 13 (16.88) | 28 (36.36) | |
| SOE | 2 (2.60) | 2 (2.60) | 2 (2.60) | |
| SUE | 7 (9.09) | 4 (5.19) | 5 (6.49) | |
| Imaging parameters | ||||
| Occlusion site, n (%) | 0.326 | |||
| BA distal | 25 (32.47) | 19 (24.68) | 32 (41.56) | |
| BA middle | 22 (28.57) | 25 (32.47) | 23 (29.87) | |
| BA proximal | 13 (16.88) | 16 (20.78) | 13 (16.88) | |
| V4 | 17 (22.08) | 17 (22.08) | 9 (11.69) | |
| PC-CS score, median (IQR) | 5 (4–6) | 4 (2–5) | 5 (3.5–6) | 0.026 |
| Treatment procedure, n(%) | ||||
| Intravenous thrombolysis | 18 (23.38) | 16 (20.78) | 15 (19.48) | 0.834 |
| Anesthesia | 0.073 | |||
| General | 30 (38.96) | 33 (42.86) | 20 (25.97) | |
| Local | 47 (61.04) | 44 (57.14) | 57 (74.03) | |
| Reperfusion status, n(%) | ||||
| mTICI | 0.542 | |||
| 0–2a | 11 (14.29) | 15 (19.48) | 16 (20.78) | |
| 2b−3b | 66 (85.71) | 62 (80.52) | 61 (79.22) | |
| Treatment delay, median (IQR), min | ||||
| Onset to puncture | 315.0 (240.7, 475.7) | 330.0 (191.0, 589.5) | 324.0 (250.1, 440.5) | 0.977 |
| Puncture to recanalization | 102.0 (69.8, 148.0) | 107.0 (79.5, 144.8) | 99.50 (58.0, 136.5) | 0.508 |
| Onset to recanalization | 430.0 (345.8, 617.0) | 454.0 (315.0, 710.0) | 449.5 (331.3, 569.8) | 0.836 |
Brain atrophy was categorized by tertile based on the ratio of brain parenchymal volume–cerebrospinal fluid volume (BPV–CFV); mild atrophy (first tertile): BPV–CFV >3.349; intermediate atrophy (second tertile): BPV–CFV 3.018–3.349; severe atrophy (third tertile): BPV–CFV < 3.018.
mTICI score of 2b or 3 indicates complete recanalization.
PC-CS, posterior circulation collateral system score; BA, basilar artery; mTICI, modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction; PCA, posterior cerebral artery; V4, V4 segment of vertebral artery; CE, cardioembolism; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; PC-ASPECTS, posterior circulation Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SOE, stroke of other determined cause; SUE, stroke of undetermined cause; TIA, transient ischemic attack; TOAST, Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment.