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. 2021 Aug 17;13:720061. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.720061

Table 3.

The impact of brain atrophy on clinical outcome.

Characteristics Atrophy levels No./No. (%) P-value OR (95%CI) P Adjusted OR (95%CI) P
EFFICACY OUTCOME
90-day outcome
mRS, median (IQR) Mild 5 (1–6) 0.137a Reference Reference Reference Reference
Intermediate 5 (2–6) 1.23 (0.68, 2.34)c 0.493 0.69 (0.34, 1.41)d 0.311
Severe 5 (3–6) 1.96 (1.06, 3.65)c 0.033 2.43 (1.17, 5.12)d 0.018
mRS 0-3 Mild 32 (41.56) 0.044b Reference Reference Reference Reference
Intermediate 29 (37.66) 0.85 (0.44, 1.62) 0.621 2.11 (0.82, 5.74) 0.131
Severe 18 (23.38) 0.43 (0.21, 0.85) 0.017 0.21 (0.07, 0.62) 0.006
mRS 0-2 Mild 31 (40.25) 0.045b Reference Reference Reference Reference
Intermediate 22 (28.57) 0.59 (0.30, 1.16) 0.128 1.13 (0.42, 3.08) 0.814
Severe 17 (22.08) 0.42 (0.20, 0.84) 0.016 0.18 (0.05, 0.58) 0.006
mRS 0-1 Mild 26 (33.77) 0.066b Reference Reference Reference Reference
Intermediate 17 (22.08) 0.56 (0.27, 1.13) 0.108 0.93 (0.32, 2.70) 0.890
Severe 14 (18.18) 0.44 (0.20, 0.91) 0.029 0.22 (0.06, 0.69) 0.014
NIHSS SCORE
Change from baseline at Mild 0.00 (−4.00–2.00) 0.455a Reference Reference Reference Reference
24 h, median (IQR) Intermediate 0.00 (−4.00, 2.00) 1.78 (−1.44 to 5.00)e 0.278 0.39 (−2.71 to 3.49)e 0.805
Severe 0.00 (2.00, 2.00) 2.48 (−0.74 to 5.70)e 0.131 1.54 (−1.68 to 4.77)f 0.346
Change from baseline at Mild −4.0 (−14.00, 2.00) 0.285a Reference Reference Reference Reference
5–7 d, median (IQR) Intermediate −2.00 (−15.00, 2.00) 1.69 (−2.44 to 5.81)f 0.421 −0.87 (−4.56 to 2.82)f 0.642
Severe 0.00 (−9.00, 4.00) 3.78 (−0.35 to 7.90)f 0.072 2.02 (−1.82 to 5.86)f 0.300
ENIg Mild 14 (18.18) 0.916b Reference Reference Reference Reference
Intermediate 13 (16.88) 0.91 (0.39, 2.11) 0.832 2.50 (0.77, 8.94) 0.139
Severe 15 (19.48) 1.09 (0.48, 2.46) 0.837 1.99 (0.65, 6.51) 0.227
SAFETY OUTCOMES
Mortality in hospital Mild 15 (19.48) 0.770b Reference Reference Reference Reference
Intermediate 15 (19.48) 1.00 (0.45, 2.23) 1.000 0.90 (0.35, 2.34) 0.832
Severe 12 (15.58) 0.76 (0.33,1.76) 0.526 0.69 (0.22, 2.07) 0.511
Mortality at 90 d Mild 29 (37.66) 0.502b Reference Reference Reference Reference
Intermediate 34 (44.16) 1.18 (0.62, 2.25) 0.621 0.59 (0.22, 1.52) 0.285
Severe 36 (46.75) 1.45 (0.77, 2.78) 0.254 1.26 (0.47, 3.36) 0.636
SICH Mild 4 (5.19) 0.768b Reference Reference Reference Reference
Intermediate 3 (3.90) 0.74 (0.14, 3.47) 0.700 0.86 (0.13, 5.57) 0.870
Severe 5 (6.49) 1.27 (0.32, 5.30) 0.732 0.47 (0.08, 2.83) 0.404
a

Wilcoxon test.

b

Chi-square test.

c

Common odds ratio.

d

Adjusted common odds ratio; adjusted estimates of outcome were calculated using multiple regression, taking the following variables into account: age, sex, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation, baseline NIHSS score, baseline PC-ASPECTS, mTICI, PC-CS, and onset to recanalization time.

e

β-values were estimated from a univariate linear regression model.

f

β-values were estimated from a multivariable linear regression model; adjusted estimates of outcome were calculated using multiple regression, taking the following variables into account: age, sex, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation, baseline NIHSS score, baseline PC-ASPECTS, mTICI, PC-CS, and onset to recanalization time.

g

ENI: early neurological improvement was estimated by a reduction of > 8 or return to 0 on NIHSS compared with baseline score at 24 h after EVT.

EVT, endovascular treatment; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; mRS, modified Rankin Scale score at 90 days.