TABLE 1.

Characteristics of the included studies.

Authors	Study type	Country	Sample size	Drug	Outcomes
Chen et al. (2020)	RCT	China	62	HCQ	No liver injury was found in COVID-19 patients
Ren et al. (2020)	Meta-analysis	\	2,137	HCQ/CQ	The incidence of liver damage was 0.5% in the HCQ group and 0.2% in the placebo group
Tang et al. (2020)	RCT	China	150	HCQ	No patient had abnormal liver function in the HCQ group, and 1 patient had abnormal liver function in the general medical care group
Li et al. (2020)	RCT	China	86	LPV/r	One patient developed elevation of ALT over 2.5-fold above the normal limit in the LPV/r group
Zhu et al. (2020)	Cohort	China	50	LPV/r	Transient ALT rise (<125 U/L) in 3 patients in the LPV/r group
Naksuk et al. (2020)	Review	\	22	LPV/r	No elevated AST or ALT in any patient
Cao et al. (2020)	RCT	China	199	LPV/r	Fewer patients exhibited abnormal ALT levels during treatment in the LPV/r group vs the control group
Wang et al. (2021)	RCT	China	237	Remdesivir	The rate of increased AST did not differ between the remdesivir and control groups
Beigel et al. (2020)	RCT	United States	1,063	Remdesivir	The proportion of patients with increased AST was 2.8% in the remdesivir group and 3.8% in the placebo group
Goldman et al. (2020)	RCT	United States	397	Remdesivir	Mild AST elevation occurred in 5% of patients in the 5-days group and 7% of patients in the 10-days group
Davoudi-Monfared et al. (2020)	RCT	Iran	92	IFN	The mean AST level was the same (50 U/L) in the IFN and control groups
Estebanez et al. (2020)	Cohort	Spain	256	IFN	The incidence of abnormal liver enzymes was the same in both study groups