. 2021 Aug 18;9:705263. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.705263

TABLE 3.

Metabolic parameters.

	CC	HC	CH	HH	CC + GH	HC + GH	CH + GH	HH + GH
IPGTT AUC	1,657 ± 66	1,586 ± 77	2,808 ± 231 ****,^####	2,133 ± 102 *,^{§§,‡‡‡}	1,653 ± 109	1,585 ± 59	2,754 ± 144	2,408 ± 93
Glucose (mmol/L)	11.89 ± 0.80	12.65 ± 1.09	14.95 ± 0.92 *	16.37 ± 1.50 **,^§§	13.27 ± 0.66	11.61 ± 0.72	14.26 ± 0.67	14.19 ± 1.08
Serum insulin (ng/mL)	0.50 ± 0.14	0.25 ± 0.05	2.99 ± 0.91 *,^##	2.66 ± 0.42 *,^§	0.40 ± 0.13	0.30 ± 0.06	3.64 ± 1.10	3.75 ± 1.41
HOMA-IR	6.21 ± 1.48	3.41 ± 1.01	52.53 ± 16.28 **,^##	45.00 ± 9.21 *,^§	5.27 ± 1.92	3.57 ± 0.94	50.30 ± 10.35	47.16 ± 27.10
Serum triglycerides (mg/mL)	0.49 ± 0.04	0.48 ± 0.07	0.60 ± 0.03	0.73 ± 0.06 **,^§§	0.58 ± 0.02	0.56 ± 0.07	0.73 ± 0.07	0.52 ± 0.04 ^∧^∧
NEFA (mmol/L)	0.62 ± 0.07	0.65 ± 0.05	0.81 ± 0.07	0.90 ± 0.09 *,^§	0.74 ± 0.10	0.85 ± 0.12	0.92 ± 0.09	0.72 ± 0.10
Urinary ACR (μg/mg)	8.15 ± 2.30	23.89 ± 8.28 *	24.66 ± 4.87 *	41.38 ± 5.76 ****,^§,‡	11.92 ± 2.67	14.65 ± 3.14	13.85 ± 2.75	18.82 ± 4.69 ^∧^∧
Serum creatinine (μmol/L)	81.20 ± 16.12	58.15 ± 16.93	73.07 ± 10.02	185.00 ± 42.12 ***,^{§§§§,‡‡‡}	66.83 ± 12.68	69.37 ± 17.19	96.23 ± 20.78	62.67 ± 9.19 ^∧^∧^∧^∧

Results expressed as mean ± SEM.

Compared with CC: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001.

HC vs. CH: ^##p < 0.01, ^####p < 0.0001.

HC vs. HH: ^§ p < 0.05, ^§§ p < 0.01, ^§§§§ p < 0.0001.

CH vs. HH: ^‡p < 0.05, ^{‡ ‡ ‡}p < 0.001.

HH vs. HH + GH: ^∧^∧p < 0.01, ^∧^∧^∧^∧p < 0.0001.

IPGTT AUC, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test area under the curve; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; NEFA, non-esterified fatty acids; ACR, albumin:creatinine ratio.