Table 2.
Toxic effects of microplastics as related to obesogenic effects in laboratory animals (mostly mice).
| Type of microplastics and dosage | Tissue accumulation and uptake | Toxic effect | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS microspheres 5 and 20 µm, 0.01-0.5 mg/day | Accumulation in gut, liver and kidney | Changes in lipid profile and improper energy metabolism (reduction in ATP levels), and fatty liver | (181) |
| PS particle (0.5 and 50 µm) | Decreased body, liver and lipid weight, altered gut microbiota, and changes in lipid metabolism | (182) | |
| PS and PE (0.5-1.0 µm) | PS and PE beads found in gut and liver | Metabolic disorder | (183) |
| PS (5 µm with doses 100 and 1000 µg/L) | Accumulation in mouse gut part | Gut microbiota dysbiosis, bile acids metabolism disorder | (184) |
| PS (5 and 20 µm) | Accumulation in gut, liver and kidney | Changes in ATP synthesis and lipid metabolism | (185) |
| PS (5 µm) | Altered serum and liver markers, changes of metabolic disorder in the gut and glycolipid metabolism, maternal exposure caused metabolic effects in F1 and F2 generations showing transgeneration effects | (186) | |
| PS (0.5 and 5 µm) | Changes in serum and liver metabolic markers and maternal exposure caused fatty acid metabolic disorder in the F1 offspring | (186) | |
| PS (10-150 µm) | Affect the diversity of gut microbiota | (187) |