Table 1.

The anticancer activities of rutin combination with other antioxidants or herbal ingredients.

Compound (rutin with other agents)	Mechanism	Cancer cell line	Reference
Quercetin, myricetin	Protection of cancer cells against hydrogen peroxide	Caco-2 and HepG2	[35, 36]
Quercetin	Decrease the activity of oxygen radical	Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2)	[37–39]
AgNPs and natural bioactive compounds	Represent novel therapeutics fighting and synergistic, antimicrobial effects	Epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cell lines	[40]
Dietary polyphenols	Inducing cell cycle arrest or apoptosis, metastasis, and angiogenesis	Colorectal cancer cell lines	[41]
Fucoidan	Nuclear fragmentation, and mitochondrial potential loss, ROS generation	HaCaT (immortal noncancerous keratinocyte), HeLa (epithelial adenocarcinoma cells of the cervix)	[27]
Liquid crystalline nanoparticles	Inhibited the genes, namely, Nox2B and Nox4, which caused oxidative stress, upregulation in the expression of the antioxidant genes Gclc and Nqo-1	Human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B)	[36, 42]
Quercetin	Reduce the enzymes precarcinogenic compounds such as CYP1A	Intestinal HCT‐8 Cells	[38, 42]
Diosmin and Tangeretin	Antimetastatic effects	Melanoma B16F10 cancer cells	[43]
Zinc(II) flavonoid-metal complex	Modulated expression of genes related to angiogenesis, cell cycle progression	Leukaemia (KG1, K562, and Jurkat), melanoma (B16F10 and SK-Mel-28), and multiple myeloma (RPMI8226) cell lines	[44]
Ionic liquids nanoparticles	Caused a significant increase in the sub-G1 population, a significant decrease in cell viability	Human renal cancer cell line (786-O)	[45]
Silibinin	Anticancer, apoptosis effects regulating the expressions of genes apoptosis, inflammation, and MAPK pathway proteins	Human colon cancer cell line	[46]
Poly (D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanospheres, Benzamide	Cell cycle disruption and apoptotic induction	MDA-MB-231	[47]