Table 3.
Physical properties of hard capsule shells from Pangasius skin and swim bladder gelatin.
| Parameter | Hard capsule shells | Commercial capsule [9] | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Skin | Swim bladder | Mixture | ||
| Body length (mm) | 19.22 ± 0.06c | 18.26 ± 0.01b | 18.04 ± 0.18a | 18.66 ± 0.30 |
| Body diameter (mm) | 7.21 ± 0.03a | 7.36 ± 0.03b | 7.32 ± 0.05b | 7.36 ± 0.02 |
| Caps length (mm) | 11.28 ± 0.02b | 10.79 ± 0.28a | 10.63 ± 0.12a | 10.98 ± 0.36b |
| Caps diameter (mm) | 7.52 ± 0.06a | 7.49 ± 0.02a | 7.70 ± 0.09b | 7.67 ± 0.04 |
| Weight (mg) | 104 ± 2.65b | 90.33 ± 4.16a | 112.67 ± 2.52c | — |
| Acidity (pH) | 4.40 ± 0.03a | 5.14 ± 0.04b | 5.13 ± 0.04b | 5.89 ± 0.049 |
| Moisture (%) | 13.04 ± 0.03a | 14.17 ± 0.06c | 13.19 ± 0.07b | 14.12 ± 0.262 |
| Rupture times (min) | 5.05 ± 0.05b | 4.05 ± 0.05a | 4.10 ± 0.02a | 7.39 ± 0.113 |
The values represent the mean and standard deviation. Significant differences at P<0.05 are indicated by different letters in a column (a, b, c).