Table 3.
Changes in hormones and metabolites in response to acute maximal aerobic exercise.
| All | All | All | Males | Males | Males | Females | Females | Females | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P-value | Pre-ex mean (SD) | Post-ex mean (SD) | P-value | Pre-ex mean (SD) | Post-ex mean (SD) | P-value | Pre-ex mean (SD) | Post-ex mean (SD) | ||
| Changes in metabolites related to Cori and Cahill Cycles | Lactate, mM | 200E-07 | 1.236 (0.304) | 7.127 (3.085) | 1.111E-04 | 1.314 (0.302) | 8.029 (3.551) | 3.429E-03 | 1.1 (0.294) | 5.55 (1.139) |
| Pyruvate, μM | 560E-06 | 123.364 (33.092) | 364.727 (112.875) | 2.211E-04 | 128.857 (41.293) | 397.857 (116.922) | 9.642E-03 | 113.75 (6.801) | 306.75 (89.916) | |
| Alanine, μM | 820E-05 | 496.641 (60.793) | 632.925 (45.334) | 4.142E-04 | 492.622 (48.399) | 620.444 (27.239) | 4.440E-02 | 503.672 (86.781) | 654.767 (66.085) | |
| Glutamate, μM | 3.660E-04 | 86.117 (17.152) | 99.999 (11.889) | 7.377E-03 | 85.524 (20.63) | 99.086 (14.896) | 5.617E-02 | 87.153 (11.275) | 101.597 (4.698) | |
| Changes in metabolites related to lipolysis/FAO | C2, μM | 390E-07 | 5.38 (0.945) | 10.484 (2.374) | 600E-05 | 5.749 (0.71) | 11.82 (1.808) | 3.581E-03 | 4.734 (1.045) | 8.147 (0.897) |
| C8, μM | 3.707E-04 | 0.087 (0.024) | 0.059 (0.016) | 1.964E-02 | 0.088 (0.027) | 0.063 (0.016) | 7.753E-03 | 0.086 (0.021) | 0.051 (0.014) | |
| C8:1-DC, μM | 2.028E-03 | 0.028 (0.006) | 0.026 (0.007) | 1.996E02 | 0.03 (0.007) | 0.027 (0.008) | 9.385E-02 | 0.026 (0.005) | 0.024 (0.006) | |
| C10, μM | 240E-05 | 0.167 (0.064) | 0.103 (0.033) | 3.617E-03 | 0.157 (0.066) | 0.103 (0.035) | 1.449E-03 | 0.186 (0.065) | 0.103 (0.036) | |
| C10:1, μM | 7.645E-04 | 0.112 (0.029) | 0.081 (0.025) | 2.549E-02 | 0.121 (0.031) | 0.092 (0.023) | 1.666E-02 | 0.098 (0.02) | 0.062 (0.019) | |
| C12:1, μM | 1.493E-03 | 0.062 (0.019) | 0.044 (0.012) | 3.133E-02 | 0.061 (0.022) | 0.047 (0.013) | 3.540E-02 | 0.064 (0.016) | 0.041 (0.011) | |
| Glycerol, mg/dL | 140E-05 | 0.749 (0.317) | 2.124 (0.796) | 8.453E-04 | 0.689 (0.338) | 2.319 (0.923) | 1.357E-02 | 0.855 (0.29) | 1.782 (0.406) | |
| β-Hydroxybutyrate, μM | 9.603E-04 | 37.645 (37.576) | 58.645 (37.134) | 8.316E-03 | 47.071 (45.103) | 73.986 (39.208) | 1.044E-01 | 21.15 (8.242) | 31.8 (3.455) | |
| Total ketones, μM | 2.604E-03 | 52.873 (47.966) | 77.527 (48.184) | 1.668E-02 | 65.086 (57.48) | 97.486 (50.596) | 7.155E-02 | 31.5 (10.209) | 42.6 (7.934) | |
| Changes in hormones | Growth hormone, ng/mL | 1.084E-04 | 2.984 (4.523) | 15.957 (9.881) | 3.565E-03 | 3.853 (5.603) | 19.124 (10.746) | 2.487E-03 | 1.462 (0.737) | 10.415 (5.488) |
| Total ghrelin, pg/mL | 2.214E-04 | 387.909 (121.244) | 317.091 (88.308) | 8.643E-03 | 368.714 (113.639) | 302 (87.539) | 2.001E-02 | 421.5 (144.251) | 343.5 (95.953) | |
| Cortisol, μM | 2.607E-03 | 21.173 (6.722) | 30.345 (4.537) | 3.774E-02 | 23.429 (7.136) | 31.543 (4.55) | 6.061E-02 | 17.225 (4.019) | 28.25 (4.245) | |
| Changes in metabolites related to BCAA catabolism and urea cycle | C4-OH, μM | 230E-06 | 0.023 (0.007) | 0.042 (0.015) | 6.795E-04 | 0.025 (0.008) | 0.048 (0.015) | 1.243E-03 | 0.018 (0.002) | 0.032 (0.003) |
| Ci4-DC/C4-DC, μM | 6.560E-04 | 0.034 (0.006) | 0.042 (0.005) | 3.010E-02 | 0.036 (0.005) | 0.042 (0.005) | 6.986E-03 | 0.032 (0.006) | 0.041 (0.006) | |
| Glycine, μM | 1.059E-03 | 355.196 (66.366) | 317.14 (67.062) | 9.530E-03 | 336.104 (53.892) | 292.798 (44.176) | 5.329E-02 | 388.607 (80.832) | 359.74 (85.356) | |
| Ornithine, μM | 1.249E-03 | 56.064 (11.009) | 46.834 (7.43) | 1.119E-02 | 56.33 (10.423) | 46.01 (6.124) | 9.387E-02 | 55.596 (13.646) | 48.275 (10.23) | |
| Valine, μM | 2.387E-03 | 242.418 (62.38) | 220.875 (50.234) | 8.541E-03 | 254.669 (75.857) | 227.774 (58.029) | 2.090E-01 | 220.978 (22.344) | 208.802 (37.03) | |
| Arginine, μM | 5.588E-03 | 91.187 (13.282) | 76.195 (14.287) | 1.548E-02 | 85.717 (11.331) | 71.666 (11.774) | 2.181E-01 | 100.76 (11.8) | 84.12 (16.479) |
C4-OH, 3-hydroxybutyrylcarnitine or beta-hydroxybutyrylcarnitine; Ci4-DC/C4-DC, methylmalonyl carnitine or succinyl carnitine; C8, octanoyl carnitine; C8:1-DC, octenedioylcarnitine; C10, decanoyl carnitine; C10:1, decenoyl carnitine; C12:1, dodecenoyl carnitine. Statistically significant differences in metabolites and hormones pre- vs. post-exercise are listed in red (p < =0.01).