Table 6.

The role of pyroptosis in different diseases.

Disease	Promote (+)/Suppress (–) diseases	Model	Agent	Cell	Mechanism	Ref.
Epilepsy	–	rats	Chaihu-Longgu-Muli decoction	hippocampal neurons	reduce the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β	(10)
Atherosclerosis	–	apoE-/- mice	melatonin	endothelial cells	inhibit pyroptosis through MEG3/miR-223/NLRP3 axis; reduce the expression of GSDMD, IL-1β, IL-18, NF-κB	(85)
Hepatocellular carcinoma	–	transgenic mice	sorafenib	macrophages	up-regulate caspase-1	(86)
Alcoholic liver disease	+	C57BL/6 mice	ethanol	hepatocytes	facilitate NLRP3 inflammasome activation	(87)
Ischemic heart disease	–	H9c2 cells	liraglutide	H9c2 cells	inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome via SIRT1; suppressed TNF-α and hypoxia-induced pyroptosis	(88)
Atherosclerosis	–	cells	microRNA-30c-5p	human aortic endothelial cells	weaken the effect of caspase-1, IL-18, and IL-1β at protein level and transcriptional level	(89)
Food-borne gastroenteritis	+	STAT1-/- mice	norovirus	macrophages	activate NLRP3 inflammasome	(90)
Infectious and inflammatory diseases	–	wild-type mice	type I interferons	bone marrow -derived macrophages	induced the expression of caspase-11 and GSDMD; activate NLRP3 inflammasome	(91)
Colon cancer	–	cells	liver X receptor β agonists	colon cancer cells	activate NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase-1 through the P2RX7 pathway	(92)
Diabetic nephropathy	+	rats	Long noncoding RNA MALAT1	HK-2 human proximal tubular epithelial cells	activate NLRP3 inflammasome, caspase-1, IL-1β	(93)