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. 2021 Aug 18;12:704112. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.704112

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Copyright © 2021 Guo, Liu, Cheng, Liu, Zheng, Liang and Xu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Metformin alleviates hepatic steatosis in DIO mice. Metformin reduced (A) liver weight and did not change (B) the liver weight to body weight ratio in DIO mice. (C) Body fat, UCP1 expressions in (F) sWAT and (G) BAT but not (D) energy intake or (E) UCP1 expression in eWAT were correlated with liver weight. (H) The H&E staining, the Oil Red O staining of the liver with ×400 magnification, and (I) liver triglyceride content indicated that metformin alleviated hepatic steatosis (p < 0.05). Metformin downregulated (J,K) the proteins expressions related to lipid metabolism (p < 0.05) and (L) the mRNA expressions of lipid metabolism genes in the liver (p < 0.05). Data are shown as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, HFD group vs. Chow diet group; ^# p < 0.05, HFD group vs. HFD + Metformin group; ^§ p < 0.05, HFD + Metformin vs. Chow diet group.