Figure 2.

Aged neutrophils from HIV-infected patients have impaired ROS production after LPS stimulation and exhibit over-activation. (A, B) Representative flow cytometric plots gated for CD66b⁺CD62L^loCXCR4⁺ROS⁺ (red) and CD66b⁺CD62L⁺CXCR4^-ROS⁺ (blue) neutrophils (A), and statistical data (B) for ROS production by CD62L^loCXCR4⁺ and CD62L⁺CXCR4^- neutrophils after LPS activation. (C) Spontaneous (left) and LPS-induced (right) production of ROS by neutrophils detected using FACS analysis. (D) Plasma levels of NGAL in healthy controls (HCs) and HIV-1-infected patients. For statistical analyses, Mann–Whitney U-test or t-test was performed. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ns, not significant. (E) Comparison of phenotypical features of neutrophils in HCs, antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated and ART treatment naïve (TN) patients. The expression of CD62L, CD11b, CD16, CD64, PD-L1, HLA-DR, TLR-2, TLR-4, CXCR1, CXCR2, C5aR, C5L2, CD49d, and CXCR4 was detected using flow cytometry, and the data are shown on a heatmap. Each color represents the MFI of the indicated marker (z-score). PMN, polymorphonuclear neutrophil.