Table 4.
Means adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, and smoking of health-relevant biomarkers across degrees of adherence to the CKD-specific dietary recommendations of participants of the German Chronic Kidney Disease (GCKD) observational cohort study (2012–2014).
| Lab parameters | CKD diet score quintiles (score of) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (≤15) N = 826 | Q2 (16–17) N = 605 | Q3 (18–19) N = 657 | Q4 (20–21) N = 532 | Q5 (≥22) N = 573 | P value | |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2), mean ± SD | 46.9 ± 19.5 | 48.0 ± 18.6 | 47.9 ± 17.7 | 49.1 ± 17.9 | 50.5 ± 19.1 | 0.262 |
| UACR (mg/g), g.mean ± SD | 55.1 ± 8.4 | 54.3 ± 8.0 | 57.1 ± 8.1 | 48.2 ± 7.8 | 54.0 ± 7.9 | 0.068 |
| Urea (mg/dL), mean ± SD | 28.6 ± 12.9 | 27.7 ± 11.6 | 27.9 ± 11.2 | 27.2 ± 11.1 | 26.5 ± 10.8 | 0.001 |
| Albumin (g/L), mean ± SD | 40.7 ± 4.6 | 40.9 ± 4.1 | 41.1 ± 4.2 | 41.4 ± 4.3 | 41.1 ± 4.2 | 0.104 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL), mean ± SD | 213.8 ± 49.9 | 211.8 ± 51.1 | 216.6 ± 47.6 | 211.0 ± 50.1 | 210.3 ± 48.4 | 0.007 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL), mean ± SD | 55.4 ± 17.2 | 56.0 ± 17.2 | 58.6 ± 19.8 | 58.2 ± 19.2 | 60.0 ± 18.9 | <0.001 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL), mean ± SD | 123.0 ± 43.2 | 120.3 ± 44.2 | 124.3 ± 40.1 | 119.6 ± 41.5 | 120.3 ± 40.9 | 0.040 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL), g.mean ± SD | 177.3 ± 1.8 | 178.2 ± 1.7 | 175.5 ± 1.7 | 171.9 ± 1.7 | 159.0 ± 1.7 | <0.001 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL), mean ± SD | 7.2 ± 1.9 | 7.1 ± 1.7 | 7.2 ± 1.8 | 7.1 ± 1.7 | 7.0 ± 1.8 | 0.003 |
| Phosphorus (mmol/L), mean ± SD | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 0.028 |
| Calcium (mmol/L), mean ± SD | 2.5 ± 0.2 | 2.5 ± 0.1 | 2.5 ± 0.2 | 2.5 ± 0.2 | 2.5 ± 0.2 | 0.332 |
| HbA1c (%), g.mean ± SD | 6.1 ± 1.2 | 6.0 ± 1.1 | 6.1 ± 1.1 | 6.1 ± 1.1 | 6.0 ± 1.1 | 0.755 |
| CRP (mg/L), g.mean ± SD | 2.4 ± 3.2 | 2.2 ± 3.1 | 2.2 ± 3.1 | 2.1 ± 3.2 | 1.9 ± 3.2 | <0.001 |
Values are expressed as mean values ± standard deviation adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, and smoking. The geometric means (g.mean) are shown for the highly skewed variables UACR, triglycerides, HbA1c, and CRP.
Conversion factors for units: calcium in mmol/L to mg/dL, ×4; phosphorus (inorganic) in mmol/L to mg/dL. Bold P values indicate statistical significance.
eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate based on creatinin (scr), HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, HDL-cholesterol high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, UACR urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio, CRP C-reactive protein, Q quintile.