Table 1.

Baseline variables in the two groups prior to admission.

	All (n = 152)	ACEI/ARB group (n = 38)	Control group (n = 114)	P
Age, years, mean ± SD	57 ± 12	57 ± 11	58 ± 18	0.671
Gender (men), number (%)	79 (52%)	19 (51%)	60 (53%)	0.533
Body mass index, kg/m2, mean±SD	21.0 ± 6.9	21.1 ± 6.4	21.0 ± 7.0	0.838
Comorbidities, number (%)
Hypertension	55 (36%)	30 (67%)	25 (22%)	<0.001b
Diabetes	37 (24%)	10 (27%)	27 (24%)	0.217
Coronary heart disease	17 (11%)	6 (16%)	11 (10%)	0.071
Chronic heart failure	6 (4%)	2 (5%)	4 (4%)	0.622
Underlying lung disease	18 (12%)	7 (18%)	11 (10%)	0.094
Chronic kidney disease	2 (1%)	1 (3%)	1 (1%)	0.512
Chronic liver dysfunction	3 (2%)	0 (0%)	3 (3%)	0.425
Malignancy	3 (2%)	0 (0%)	3 (3%)	0.186
History of smoking, number (%)	23 (15%)	8 (21%)	15 (13%)	0.081
Other medication history within 90 days, number (%)
Corticosteroids	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1
Immunosuppressants	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1
Statins	21 (14%)	6 (16%)	15 (13%)	0.214
Thiazolidinediones	1 (1%)	0 (0%)	1 (1%)	0.996
α receptor blocking agent	4 (3%)	1 (3%)	3 (3%)	0.820
β receptor blocking agent	19 (13%)	5 (13%)	14 (12%)	0.731
CCB	19 (13%)	5 (13%)	14 (12%)	0.731
Diuretics	16 (11%)	4 (11%)	12 (11%)	1
SOFA Score, points (IQR)	1.5 (1–2.3)	1.5 (1–2.5)	1.5 (1–2)	0.879
CCI, points (IQR)	1 (1–2)	1 (1–2)	1 (1–2)	1
Treatment before hospital, number (%)
Methylprednisolone	10 (7%)	3 (8%)	7 (6%)	0.091
Antibiotic therapy	92 (61%)	22 (58%)	70 (61%)	0.429
Antiviral therapy	102 (67%)	22 (57%)	80 (70%)	0.239
Time from onset to hospital admission, days, mean ± SD	10 ± 6	11 ± 3	10 ± 6	0.296
Time from onset to diagnosis, days, mean ± SD	7 ± 5	7 ± 5	7 ± 2	0.8

^bP < 0.01; CCB, calcium channel blocker; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; CCI, Charlson's Comorbidity Index (18).