Table 3.
Organ function, treatments and outcomes in the two groups during hospitalization.
| All (n = 152) | ACEI/ARB group (n = 38) | Control group (n = 114) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Organ failure*, number (%) | ||||
| Respiratory failure | 25 (16%) | 8 (20%) | 17 (15%) | 0.092 |
| Shock | 13 (9%) | 4 (11%) | 8 (7%) | 0.060 |
| AKI | 15 (10%) | 4 (11%) | 11 (10%) | 0.829 |
| Coagulation failure | 3 (2%) | 1 (3%) | 2 (2%) | 0.664 |
| Liver failure | 15 (10%) | 4 (11%) | 11 (10%) | 0.796 |
| Treatment, number (%) | ||||
| Antibiotics | 105 (69%) | 24 (64%) | 81 (71%) | 0.461 |
| Antiviral treatment | 145 (95%) | 36 (92%) | 109 (96%) | 0.334 |
| Glucocorticoids | 49 (32%) | 11 (30%) | 38 (33%) | 0.612 |
| Intravenous immunoglobin | 36 (24%) | 9 (23%) | 27 (24%) | 0.552 |
| Standard oxygen therapy | 132 (87%) | 35 (92%) | 97 (85%) | 0.080 |
| HFNO | 28 (18%) | 7 (18%) | 21 (18%) | 0.927 |
| NPPV | 18 (12%) | 5 (12%) | 13 (11%) | 0.327 |
| IPPV | 17 (11%) | 4 (11%) | 13 (11%) | 0.629 |
| ECMO | 4 (3%) | 1 (3%) | 3 (3%) | 0.994 |
| Vasoconstrictive agents | 15 (10%) | 7 (18%) | 8 (7%) | <0.01b |
| Outcome | ||||
| In-hospital progression#, number (%) | 28 (18%) | 6 (16%) | 22 (19%) | 0.326 |
| In-hospital death, number (%) | 15 (10%) | 4 (10%) | 11 (10%) | 0.983 |
| Hospital length of stay, days, mean ± SD | 17 ± 8 | 24 ± 11 | 15 ± 7 | <0.01b |
| Duration of viral shedding, days, mean ± SD | 19 ± 3 | 24 ± 5 | 18 ± 5 | 0.034a |
| Time from onset to death or discharge, days, mean ± SD | 27 ± 9 | 32 ± 10 | 25 ± 7 | <0.01b |
P < 0.05;
P < 0.01;
Shock was defined according to the interim guidance of the WHO for novel coronavirus (22, 23). AKI was identified and classified on the basis of the highest serum creatinine level or urine output criteria according to kidney disease, improving global outcome classification (23, 24). Respiratory failure, coagulation and liver failure were defined as a SOFA score greater than or equal to two points.
Defined as a decline in PaO2/FiO2 > 100 mmHg or the need for IPPV and/or ECMO during hospitalization. AKI, acute kidney injury; HFNO, high flow nasal oxygenation; NPPV, noninvasive positive pressure ventilation; IPPV, invasive positive pressure ventilation; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.