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. 2021 Aug 19;12:720672. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.720672

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Copyright © 2021 Yu, Feng, Li, Liu, Liao, Luo, Wei, Huang, Zhang and Xia.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Flowchart of the study design. AIS, acute ischemic stroke; CTA, computed tomographic angiography; GCC, good collateral circulation; PCC, poor collateral circulation; LC-MS, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; S1P, sphingosine-1-phosphate; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.