Table 2.
General characteristics of control and patients with AIS in the validation stage.
| Control (n = 27) | AIS patients ( n = 53) | p | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GCC (n = 29) | PCC (n = 24) | Total (n = 53) | AIS vs. Control | GCC vs. PCC | ||
| Age, years | 60.296 ± 8.30 | 62.07 ± 7.52 | 63.00 ± 11.40 | 62.49 ± 9.39 | 0.308 | 0.723 |
| Sex (male, N, %) | 16 (59.3%) | 20 (68.97%) | 17 (70.83%) | 37 (68.9%) | 0.345 | 0.883 |
| Hypertension (N, %) | 16 (40.7%) | 24 (82.8%) | 19 (79.2%) | 43 (81.1%) | <0.001 | 0.739 |
| Diabetes mellitus (N, %) | 3 (11.1%) | 10 (34.5%) | 11 (45.8%) | 21 (39.6%) | 0.01 | 0.400 |
| Hyperlipidemia (N, %) | 16 (59.3%) | 11 (45.8%) | 19 (65.5%) | 30 (56.6%) | 0.820 | 0.150 |
| Smoking (N, %) | 10 (37.0%) | 14 (48.3%) | 12 (50.0%) | 26 (49.1%) | 0.307 | 0.901 |
| S1P (ng/mL) | 197.30 ±105.21 | 320.75 ± 100.82 | 237.21 ± 72.44 | 282.91 ± 97.76 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| MMP-9 (ng/mL) | 12.70 (6.63–16.19) | 11.25 (6.19–27.17) | 15.90 (8.65–33.70) | 13.28 (7.49–27.90) | 0.311 | 0.491 |
| MCP-1 (ng/mL) | 61.26 (49.10–68.10) | 56.63 (46.47–73.44) | 73.22 (53.09–126.35) | 59.65 (49.00–83.24) | 0.583 | 0.023 |
| SBP, mmHg | 132.82 ± 14.78 | 151.67 ± 21.76 | 151.67 ± 21.76 | 144.75 ± 20.81 | 0.004 | 0.026 |
| DBP, mmHg | 81.89 ± 11.69 | 81.17 ± 12.11 | 89.17 ± 11.65 | 84.79 ± 12.46 | 0.317 | 0.019 |
| WBC, ×109/L | 6.95 ± 1.99 | 7.25 ± 2.26 | 8.12 ± 2.86 | 7.65± 2.56 | 0.223 | 0.218 |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.98 ± 1.57 | 1.64 ± 0.68 | 1.68 ± 0.76 | 1.65 ± 0.72 | 0.318 | 0.511 |
| TC, mmol/L | 5.06 ±1.31 | 4.05 ± 0.84 | 4.68 ± 1.05 | 4.35 ± 0.97 | 0.008 | 0.021 |
| HDL, mmol/L | 1.29 ±0.33 | 0.97 ± 0.19 | 1.05 ± 0.20 | 1.01 ± 0.20 | <0.001 | 0.133 |
| LDL, mmol/L | 3.18 ± 0.88 | 2.57 ± 0.59 | 3.00 ± 0.83 | 2.77 ±0.73 | 0.020 | 0.039 |
| Hcy, μmol/L | 13.60 ± 3.08 | 16.64 ± 9.78 | 13.73 ± 4.31 | 15.34 ± 7.89 | 0.275 | 0.263 |
| NIHSS score at admission | - | 6.48 ± 4.89 | 8.21 ± 5.54 | 7.26 ± 5.21 | - | 0.234 |
| mRS score at 90 days | - | 1.83 ± 1.19 | 3.04 ± 1.33 | 2.38 ± 1.39 | - | 0.001 |
AIS, acute ischemic stroke; GCC, good collateral circulation; PCC, poor collateral circulation; S1P, sphingosine-1-phosphate; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase-9; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; WBC, white blood cell; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; Hcy, homocysteine; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; mRS, modified Rankin Scale.