Table 4.
Univariate and multivariate analyses for BDI.
| Characteristic | Univariate models | Multivariate models | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | 95% CI | p | Parameter | 95% CI | p | ||||
| Age (years) | 20–30 | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| 31–40 | −1.534 | −4.276 | 1.209 | 0.274 | 0.217 | −4.903 | 5.337 | 0.934 | |
| 41–50 | 0.062 | −2.456 | 2.581 | 0.961 | 2.562 | −3.651 | 8.774 | 0.42 | |
| 51–60 | 0.213 | −2.375 | 2.801 | 0.872 | 2.362 | −4.021 | 8.746 | 0.469 | |
| Sex | Women | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| Men | 1.01 | −1.774 | 3.794 | 0.478 | 2.134 | −1.01 | 5.278 | 0.184 | |
| Education | Master's degree | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| Bachelor's degree | 3.151 | 0.92 | 5.381 | 0.006* | 3.083 | 0.758 | 5.407 | 0.01* | |
| Medical vocational school | 2.542 | −0.255 | 5.339 | 0.076 | 3.723 | 0.677 | 6.768 | 0.017* | |
| Medical high school, other | 4.031 | 1.814 | 6.247 | <0.001* | 4.503 | 1.879 | 7.127 | 0.001* | |
| Job seniority [years] | 0–5 | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| 6–10 | 0.175 | −3.216 | 3.566 | 0.919 | 1.804 | −3.488 | 7.096 | 0.505 | |
| 11–15 | −3.253 | −6.529 | 0.022 | 0.052 | −2.945 | −8.662 | 2.771 | 0.313 | |
| 16–20 | −0.001 | −3.575 | 3.573 | 0.999 | −1.852 | −8.476 | 4.773 | 0.584 | |
| >20 | −0.189 | −2.564 | 2.186 | 0.876 | −2.989 | −9.443 | 3.465 | 0.365 | |
| Number of jobs | 1 | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| 2 | 0.665 | −1.198 | 2.529 | 0.484 | −0.275 | −2.62 | 2.069 | 0.818 | |
| 3 | 0.884 | −2.208 | 3.975 | 0.576 | 0.176 | −3.167 | 3.519 | 0.918 | |
| >4 | 0.746 | −3.072 | 4.564 | 0.702 | −0.616 | −4.541 | 3.308 | 0.758 | |
| Employment form | Employment contract | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| Employment contract + other form | 0.962 | −1.327 | 3.251 | 0.411 | −0.056 | −3.015 | 2.904 | 0.971 | |
| Other | −2.377 | −5.022 | 0.267 | 0.079 | −3.314 | −6.388 | −0.24 | 0.035* | |
| Workload per month (hours) | ≤180 | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| 181–230 | 0.352 | −1.563 | 2.267 | 0.719 | 0.539 | −1.794 | 2.871 | 0.651 | |
| >230 | 1.023 | −1.62 | 3.667 | 0.448 | 1.436 | −1.62 | 4.492 | 0.358 | |
| Nature of work | I work independently | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| I work in a group | 1.891 | −0.238 | 4.02 | 0.083 | 1.938 | −0.418 | 4.294 | 0.108 | |
| I lead a group of employees | −1.039 | −5.211 | 3.134 | 0.626 | −0.003 | −4.276 | 4.269 | 0.999 | |
| System of work | 8-h duty | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| 12-h shift system | 1.892 | −0.206 | 3.99 | 0.078 | 0.682 | −1.783 | 3.147 | 0.588 | |
| Other | 1.787 | −2.479 | 6.053 | 0.412 | 0.657 | −3.868 | 5.182 | 0.776 | |
| Marital status | Single | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| In a relationship | −3.551 | −5.519 | −1.582 | <0.001* | −3.42 | −5.531 | −1.308 | 0.002* | |
| Place of residence | City >100,000 residents | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| City <100,000 residents | 1.015 | −0.999 | 3.029 | 0.324 | 1.168 | −0.857 | 1.168 | 0.259 | |
| Rural area | −2.459 | −5.016 | 0.098 | 0.06 | −2.76 | −5.322 | −0.198 | 0.036* | |
*
Statistically significant relationship (p < 0.05).
N, number of participants; CI, confidence interval; p, level of statistical significance; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; ref., referral position.