Table 2.

Features of telemedicine and the supportive management protocols of the included studies.

References	Type of telemedicine	HCP's involvement/ device	Medical supportive managements						Duration of period between services
			Self-management support	Monitoring patients' health status	Interactive communication (Two-way communication)	Action plan provision	Education support	Reminding strategy
Fard et al. (18)	Telephone	Nutritionist, Physician/ telephone	-	Patients were assessed evaluating the adherence to diet and physical activities.	Yes	Yes	Patients were provided dietary and physical activities education.	-	Twice a week during the first month and once a week in the second and the third months
Axley et al. (19)	Text message	Physician/ mobile	-	Patients were also asked about the challenges they face in making healthy diet changes and were provided tips for overcoming those specific challenges (e.g., not enough time, cost of healthy food and lack of knowledge).	-	Yes	Patients received the messages provided education on different domains including nutrition, exercise, and stress management.	-	1 week
Vilar-Gomez et al. (20)	On-site education classes (n = 136) or via web-based (n = 126)*	Physician or nurse practitioner/ web-based	Patients can select between two different educational modes; either via on-site education classes or via web-based	Patients were monitored glycemic and ketosis status through patient reported daily blood glucose and blood beta-hydroxybutyrate over the year.	Yes	-	Patients' dietary modifications included restricting total carbohydrate and fat, adequate intake of minerals, fluids and non-starchy vegetables	-	Daily monitoring for 1 year. On-site education was held weekly for first 12 weeks, bi-weekly for next 12 weeks, and monthly for 6 months. Recorded contents in web-based education could be independently accessed through the application.
Mazzotti et al. (17)	Web-based program	Physicians, dietitians, and psychologist	The individual sessions may be repeated without limitations.	Patients may interact with the clinical center offline, by sending food diaries or asking questions via specific tools.	Yes	Yes	The patients are provided with a series of 25–35 slides per sessions, with texts read by a voiceover and figures to support the text.	-	Sessions could be repeated without limitations. Outcomes were measured every 6 months

HCP, healthcare professional.

^*No significant differences were observed in the biochemical markers of the 2 groups of patients for the different modes of education.