Table 1.
Clinical and demographic characteristics of the study population.
| NM group | DT group | P value (NM vs. DT) | Control group | P value (NM vs. Control) | P value (DT vs. Control) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total number | 65 | 43 | 18 | |||
| Age (years, mean ± SD) | 31.5 ± 4.2 | 30.2 ± 3.6 | 36.6 ± 3.6 | |||
| ≤29 | 25(38.5) | 20(46.5) | 0.19 | 1(5.6) | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 30–35 | 28(43.1) | 20(46.5) | 4(22.2) | |||
| ≥36 | 12(18.4) | 3(7) | 13(72.2) | |||
| BMI (kg/m2 mean ± SD) | 22.4 ± 3.2 | 22.8 ± 3.4 | 22.5 ± 3.8 | |||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 4(6.1) | 2(4.7) | 0.60 | 2(11.1) | 0.86 | 0.62 |
| Normal weight (18.5–24) | 44(67.7) | 28(65.1) | 11(61.1) | |||
| Overweight (>24) | 17(26.2) | 13(30.2) | 5(27.8) | |||
| Hygiene (frequency of washing the vulva) | ||||||
| Once a day | 54(83.1) | 38(88.4) | 0.45 | 14(77.8) | 0.60 | 0.29 |
| Clean once every 2-3 days | 11(16.9) | 5(11.6) | 4(22.2) | |||
| Exercise intensity | ||||||
| Low | 56(86.2) | 36(83.7) | 0.72 | 15(83.3) | 0.76 | 0.97 |
| Medium | 9(13.8) | 7(16.3) | 3(6.7) | |||
| SDS | ||||||
| Positive | 14(21.5) | 7(16.3) | 0.51 | 4(2.2) | 0.95 | 0.58 |
| Negative | 51(78.5) | 36(83.7) | 14(7.8) | |||
| SAS | ||||||
| Positive | 5(7.7) | 2(4.7) | 0.53 | 3(6.7) | 0.25 | 0.12 |
| Negative | 60(92.3) | 41(95.3) | 15(3.3) | |||
| RSA | ||||||
| 2 | 36(55.4) | 24(55.8) | 0.78 | |||
| 3 | 21(32.3) | 16(37.2) | ||||
| ≥4 | 8(12.3) | 3(7) | ||||
| H2O2 | ||||||
| Positive | 64(98.5) | 42(97.7) | 1 | 18(100) | 1 | 1 |
| Negative | 1(1.5) | 1(2.3) | 0(0) | |||
| pH | ||||||
| >4.5 | 10(15.4) | 6(14.0) | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| ≤ 4.5 | 55(84.6) | 37(86.0) | 16 | |||
| Sialidase activity | ||||||
| Positive | 0(0) | 0(0) | 0(0) | |||
| Negative | 65(100) | 43(100) | 18(100) | |||
| Leukocyte esterase activity | ||||||
| Positive | 1(1.5) | 2(4.7) | 0.656 | 0(0) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Weakly positive | 29(44.6) | 20(46.5) | 1(5.6) | |||
| Negative | 35(53.9) | 21(48.8) | 17(94.4) |
NM, no medication; DT, drug treatment; BMI, body mass index; SDS, self-rating depression scale; SAS, self-rating anxiety scale; RSA, recurrent spontaneous abortion.