Table 1.
Participant demographics
| Participant characteristics | All participants | Men | Women | Other | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |
| Total | 1,051 | 100% | 602 | 57.30% | 442 | 42.10% | 7 | 0.70% |
| Age | M = 38.54 (SD = 10.56) | M = 37.19 (SD = 9.91) | M = 40.30 (SD = 11.10) | M = 33.14 (SD = 6.57) | ||||
| Sexual orientation | ||||||||
| Straight | 982 | 88.30% | 560 | 93.00% | 368 | 83.30% | 0 | 0% |
| Gay/Lesbian | 36 | 3.40% | 18 | 3.00% | 17 | 3.80% | 1 | 14.30% |
| Bisexual | 66 | 6.30% | 17 | 2.80% | 48 | 10.90% | 1 | 14.30% |
| Pansexual | 12 | 1.10% | 3 | 0.50% | 6 | 1.40% | 3 | 42.90% |
| Asexual | 6 | 0.60% | 2 | 0.30% | 3 | 0.70% | 1 | 14.30% |
| Other | 3 | 0.30% | 2 | 0.30% | 0 | 0% | 1 | 14.30% |
| Relationship status | ||||||||
| Single | 351 | 33.40% | 237 | 39.40% | 110 | 24.90% | 4 | 57.10% |
| In a relationship, living separately | 130 | 12.40% | 80 | 13.30% | 50 | 11.30% | 0 | 0% |
| Live-in partnership | 148 | 13.10% | 82 | 13.60% | 64 | 14.50% | 2 | 28.60% |
| Married | 421 | 40.10% | 203 | 33.70% | 218 | 49.30% | 0 | 0% |
| Multiperson partnership | 1 | 0.10% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 1 | 14.30% |
| Location | ||||||||
| Urban | 328 | 31.30% | 199 | 33.10% | 126 | 28.50% | 4 | 57.10% |
| Suburban | 531 | 50.50% | 312 | 51.80% | 218 | 49.30% | 1 | 14.30% |
| Rural | 188 | 17.90% | 89 | 14.80% | 97 | 21.90% | 2 | 28.60% |
| Other | 3 | 0.30% | 2 | 0.30% | 1 | 0.20% | 0 | 0% |
| U.S. Region | ||||||||
| Northeast | 203 | 19.30% | 116 | 19.30% | 85 | 14.30% | 1 | 14.30% |
| South | 397 | 37.80% | 220 | 20.60% | 176 | 29.20% | 1 | 14.30% |
| Midwest | 209 | 19.90% | 124 | 36.50% | 83 | 13.80% | 2 | 28.60% |
| West | 242 | 23.00% | 142 | 23.60% | 97 | 16.10% | 3 | 42.90% |
| Race | ||||||||
| White (non-Hispanic) | 811 | 77.20% | 456 | 75.70% | 352 | 79.60% | 3 | 42.90% |
| Black (non-Hispanic) | 74 | 7.00% | 42 | 7.00% | 32 | 7.20% | 0 | 0% |
| American Indian | 2 | 0.20% | 1 | 0.20% | 1 | 0.20% | 0 | 0% |
| Asian | 77 | 7.30% | 49 | 8.10% | 27 | 6.10% | 1 | 14.30% |
| 2+ races (non-Hispanic) | 24 | 2.30% | 13 | 2.20% | 10 | 2.30% | 1 | 14.30% |
| Hispanic | 63 | 6.00% | 41 | 6.80% | 20 | 4.50% | 2 | 28.60% |
| Hispanic only | 41 | 3.90% | 28 | 4.70% | 12 | 2.70% | 1 | 14.30% |
| Hispanic and white | 16 | 1.50% | 9 | 1.50% | 6 | 1.40% | 1 | 14.30% |
| Hispanic and Black | 5 | 0.50% | 4 | 0.70% | 1 | 0.20% | 0 | 0% |
| Hispanic and 2+ races | 1 | 0.10% | 0 | 0% | 1 | 0.20% | 0 | 0% |
| Political affiliation | ||||||||
| Very liberal | 193 | 18.40% | 82 | 13.60% | 105 | 23.80% | 6 | 85.70% |
| Liberal | 285 | 27.10% | 177 | 29.40% | 107 | 24.20% | 1 | 14.20% |
| Slightly liberal | 111 | 10.60% | 66 | 11.00% | 45 | 10.20% | 0 | 0% |
| Moderate | 177 | 16.80% | 104 | 17.30% | 73 | 16.50% | 0 | 0% |
| Slightly conservative | 84 | 8.00% | 51 | 8.50% | 33 | 7.50% | 0 | 0% |
| Conservative | 130 | 12.40% | 76 | 12.60% | 54 | 12.20% | 0 | 0% |
| Very conservative | 64 | 6.10% | 41 | 6.80% | 23 | 5.20% | 0 | 0% |
| Other | 7 | 0.70% | 5 | 0.80% | 2 | 0.50% | 0 | 0% |
| Income | ||||||||
| Less than $10,000 | 35 | 3.30% | 20 | 3.30% | 14 | 3.20% | 1 | 14.20% |
| $10,000–$19,999 | 72 | 6.90% | 44 | 7.30% | 27 | 6.10% | 1 | 14.20% |
| $20,000–29,999 | 119 | 11.30% | 62 | 10.30% | 54 | 12.20% | 1 | 14.20% |
| $30,000–$39,999 | 116 | 11.00% | 73 | 12.10% | 43 | 9.70% | 0 | 0% |
| $40,000–$49,999 | 120 | 11.40% | 72 | 12.00% | 47 | 10.60% | 1 | 14.20% |
| $50,000–$59,999 | 132 | 12.60% | 82 | 13.60% | 50 | 11.30% | 0 | 0% |
| $60,000–$69,999 | 100 | 9.50% | 56 | 9.30% | 43 | 9.70% | 1 | 14.20% |
| $70,000–$79,999 | 103 | 9.80% | 45 | 7.50% | 58 | 13.10% | 0 | 0% |
| $80,000–$89,999 | 39 | 3.70% | 22 | 3.70% | 17 | 3.80% | 0 | 0% |
| $90,000–$99,999 | 62 | 5.90% | 35 | 5.80% | 27 | 6.10% | 0 | 0% |
| $100,000–$149,999 | 107 | 10.20% | 63 | 10.50% | 44 | 10.00% | 0 | 0% |
| $150,000+ | 46 | 4.40% | 28 | 4.70% | 18 | 4.10% | 0 | 0% |
| Education | ||||||||
| Less than high school | 6 | 0.60% | 5 | 0.80% | 1 | 0.20% | 0 | 0% |
| High school/GED | 140 | 13.30% | 84 | 14.00% | 56 | 12.70% | 0 | 0% |
| Some college | 215 | 20.50% | 125 | 20.80% | 89 | 20.10% | 14.30% | 14.30% |
| Professional degree | 38 | 3.60% | 19 | 3.20% | 19 | 4.30% | 0 | 0% |
| Associate’s degree | 128 | 12.20% | 47 | 7.80% | 78 | 17.60% | 3 | 42.90% |
| Bachelor’s degree | 405 | 42.80% | 280 | 46.50% | 168 | 38.00% | 2 | 28.60% |
| Graduate degree | 74 | 7.00% | 42 | 7.00% | 31 | 7.00% | 1 | 14.30% |
| Religious affiliation | ||||||||
| Christian | 439 | 41.80% | 244 | 40.50% | 195 | 44.10% | 0 | 0% |
| Jewish | 10 | 1.00% | 7 | 1.20% | 3 | 0.70% | 0 | 0% |
| Muslim | 3 | 0.30% | 2 | 0.30% | 1 | 0.20% | 0 | 0% |
| Hindu | 8 | 0.80% | 3 | 0.50% | 5 | 1.10% | 0 | 0% |
| Buddhist | 16 | 1.50% | 10 | 1.70% | 5 | 1.10% | 1 | 14.30% |
| Other | 32 | 3.00% | 15 | 2.50% | 17 | 3.80% | 0 | 0% |
| Agnostic | 237 | 22.50% | 140 | 23.30% | 93 | 21.00% | 4 | 57.10% |
| Atheist | 207 | 19.70% | 122 | 20.30% | 83 | 18.80% | 2 | 28.60% |
| None | 99 | 9.40% | 59 | 9.80% | 40 | 9.00% | 0 | 0% |
| Employment | ||||||||
| Employed | 761 | 72.40% | 459 | 76.20% | 300 | 67.90% | 2 | 28.60% |
| Unemployed | 48 | 4.60% | 25 | 4.20% | 22 | 5.00% | 1 | 14.30% |
| Self-employed | 188 | 17.90% | 96 | 15.90% | 90 | 20.40% | 2 | 28.60% |
| Student | 13 | 1.20% | 6 | 1.00% | 7 | 1.60% | 0 | 0% |
| Retired | 15 | 1.40% | 8 | 1.30% | 7 | 1.60% | 0 | 0% |
| Unable to work | 7 | 0.70% | 3 | 0.50% | 3 | 0.70% | 1 | 14.30% |
| Laid off or furloughed | 19 | 1.80% | 5 | 0.80% | 13 | 2.90% | 1 | 14.50% |
| Depression (PHQ-2)* | ||||||||
| Current | M = 3.35 | SD = 1.71 | M = 3.23 | SD = 1.62 | M = 3.50 | SD = 1.80 | M = 4.71 | SD = 1.89 |
| Prior to COVID | M = 3.14 | SD = 1.54 | M = 3.04 | SD = 1.47 | M = 3.25 | SD = 1.61 | M = 4.57 | SD = 1.90 |
| COVID-19 status | ||||||||
| Tested positive for COVID-19 | 13 | 1.20% | 6 | 1.00% | 7 | 1.60% | 0 | 0% |
| Household member tested positive | 19 | 1.80% | 11 | 1.80% | 8 | 1.80% | 0 | 0% |
| Quarantined due to possible exposure | 94 | 8.90% | 50 | 8.30% | 43 | 9.70% | 1 | 14.30% |
| Financial difficulty due to COVID-19 | 245 | 23.30% | 129 | 21.40% | 113 | 25.60% | 3 | 42.90% |
| Laid off or furloughed due to COVID-19 | 27 | 2.60% | 10 | 1.70% | 15 | 3.40% | 2 | 28.60% |
| Perceived importance of social distancing guidelines | ||||||||
| Not at all important | 30 | 2.90% | 21 | 3.50% | 9 | 2.00% | 0 | 0% |
| Slightly important | 62 | 5.90% | 37 | 6.10% | 25 | 5.70% | 0 | 0% |
| Moderately important | 207 | 19.70% | 128 | 21.30% | 77 | 17.40% | 2 | 28.60% |
| Extremely important | 752 | 71.60% | 416 | 69.10% | 331 | 74.90% | 5 | 71.40% |
| Substance use (past year) | ||||||||
| Alcohol | 813 | 77.40% | 47.6 | 79.10% | 331 | 74.90% | 6 | 85.70% |
| Cannabis | 350 | 33.30% | 191 | 31.70% | 117 | 26.50% | 4 | 42.90% |
| Recreational | 333 | 31.70% | 156 | 25.90% | 93 | 21.00% | 2 | 28.60% |
| Medical | 58 | 5.50% | 11 | 1.80% | 11 | 2.50% | 0 | 0% |
| Recreational & medical | 41 | 3.90% | 24 | 4.00% | 13 | 2.90% | 1 | 14.30% |
| Cocaine | 20 | 1.90% | 12 | 2.00% | 8 | 1.80% | 0 | 0% |
| Meth | 9 | 0.90% | 6 | 1.00% | 3 | 0.70% | 0 | 0% |
| Heroin | 7 | 0.70% | 5 | 0.80% | 2 | 0.50% | 0 | 0% |
| Nicotine/tobacco | 225 | 24.30% | 150 | 24.90% | 104 | 23.50% | 1 | 14.30% |
| Medications you were not prescribed | 48 | 4.60% | 26 | 4.30% | 21 | 4.80% | 1 | 14.30% |
| Other | 18 | 1.70% | 12 | 2.00% | 5 | 1.10% | 1 | 14.30% |
| Psychedelics | 10 | 1.00% | 6 | 1.00% | 3 | 0.70% | 1 | 14.30% |
COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019; GED = General Education Development; PHQ-2 = Patient Health Questionnaire-2.
⁎
Scores on the PHQ-2 range from 2 (no depression) to 8 (severe depression).