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. 2021 Aug 20;8:637885. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.637885

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Copyright © 2021 Jimenez, Campos Codo, Sampaio, Oliveira, Ferreira, Davanzo, Brito Monteiro, Victor Virgilio-da-Silva, Borba, Fabiano de Souza, Zini, Andrade Gandolfi, Muraro, Luiz Proença-Modena, Val, Cardoso Melo, Monteiro, Nogueira, Lacerda, Moraes-Vieira and Nakaya.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Increase risk of death in individuals with COVID-19 using proton pump inhibitors prior infection. (A) Time to death. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showing a higher risk of death for the group of patients that used PPIs (brown) prior to admittance when compared to those not using them (gray). The North region cohort result is shown at the top and Southeast region cohort result is shown at the bottom. (B) Risk of death. The forest plot presents the hazard ratios and respective 95CI for the main explanatory variable (brown), as well as the potential confounders (black) used in the multivariate model. The North region cohort result is shown at the top and Southeast region cohort result is shown at the bottom.