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. 2021 Aug 20;12:699026. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.699026

FIGURE 5.

FIGURE 5

GW1100 (a FFAR1 antagonist) reduced cocaine-induced acute locomotor responses in FFAR1+/+ mice. Mice were placed in an open-field test chamber for 63 min for habituation purpose (leftmost panels in A–D). Next, GW1100 (10 mg/kg) or vehicle (∼20% DMSO in saline) was i.p.-injected, and mice were placed in the open-field test chamber for another 33 min (second from the left panels in A–D). Then, cocaine (20 mg/kg) was i.p.-injected, and mice were returned to the test chamber for an additional 33 min (second from the right panels in A–D). Cocaine injection induced significant acute enhancement of locomotor activity in both vehicle and GW1100-treated mice. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 versus the basal (pre-cocaine injection) values (Dunnett’s test). However, GW1100 significantly reduced cocaine-induced acute locomotor responses analyzed in terms of the three parameters (rightmost panels in A–C), but GW1100 only slightly enhanced ambulation in the center region after cocaine injection (rightmost panel in D). Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures indicated significant effects of treatment [F(1, 72) = 14.6, p < 0.001 (A), F(1, 72) = 14.3, p < 0.001 (B), F(1, 72) = 6.44, p < 0.05 (C)] and time [F(5, 72) = 16.6, p < 0.001 (A), F(5, 72) = 17.1, p < 0.001 (B), F(5, 72) = 19.1, p < 0.001 (C)]. Since significant interactions between treatment and time were not detected in A–C, each area under the curve (AUC) value, calculated for 13 min (A,B), 23 min (C) and 33 min (D: just for comparison) after acute cocaine injection, was compared between vehicle control and GW1100-treated mice. # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01 vs. vehicle control mice (Student’s t-test). n = 7 each.