TABLE 3.
Results of glucose and fructose uptake studies with aqueous extracts, the used plant part, drug extract ratio, and tested concentration, which did not show any influence on cells in MTT assay. Only the plants that showed the strongest inhibition rates on glucose uptake were tested for fructose uptake inhibition. Regarding methanolic and aqueous extracts, the extract of a plant that showed the stronger inhibition on glucose absorption was repeated and tested for its impact on fructose uptake; mean value ± SD; *significant difference in U-test (n = 2–3; 12 replicates each; two-sided; α = 0.05); n.d. = not determined.
| Scientific plant name | Used part of the plant | Drug extract ratio for aqueous extracts | Used aqueous extract concentration in mg/mL | Uptake inhibition of glucose in % | Uptake inhibition of fructose in % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adenophora triphylla (thunb.) ADC. | Root | n.d. | 1 | <40 | n.d. |
| Allium sativum L. | Bulb | 2:1 | 1 | <50 | n.d. |
| Aronia melanocarpa michx. elliott | Fruit | 3:1 | 1 | <60 | n.d. |
| Artemisia dracunculus L. | Leaf | 5:1 | 1 | <25 | n.d. |
| Brassica oleraceaL. “Capitata alba” | Leaf | 2:1 | 0.1 | <60 | n.d. |
| Camellia sinensis(L.) kuntze (Assam) | Leaf | 6:1 | 0.1 | <25 | n.d. |
| Camellia sinensis(L.) kuntze (Darjeeling) | Leaf | 7:1 | 0.1 | <25 | n.d. |
| Camellia sinensis(L.) kuntze (gunpowder) | Leaf | 5:1 | 0.1 | <25 | n.d. |
| Camellia sinensis(L.) kuntze (sencha) | Leaf | 6:1 | 0.1 | <25 | n.d. |
| Ceratonia siliqua L. | Fruit | 3:1 | 1 | <25 | n.d. |
| Citrus limon (L.) osbeck | Fruit skin | 4:1 | 1 | <40 | n.d. |
| Coffea arabica L. | Green seed | 5:1 | 1 | <25 | n.d. |
| Cornus officinalissiebold and zucc. | Fruit | n.d. | 1 | <65 | n.d. |
| Crataegus pinnatifida bunge | Fruit | n.d. | 1 | <60 | n.d. |
| Cuminum cyminum L. | Seed | 5:1 | 0.1 | <25 | n.d. |
| Cynara cardunculus L. | Herb | 3:1 | 0.1 | <30 | n.d. |
| Eucommia ulmoides oliv. | Bark | 16:1 | 1 | 68.7* ± 13.2 | <25 |
| Hibiscus sabdariffa L. | Flower | 2:1 | 0.1 | <25 | n.d. |
| Ilex paraguariensis a. st.-hil | Leaf | 5:1 | 0.1 | <25 | n.d. |
| Juglans regia L. | Leaf | 7:1 | 1 | <25 | n.d. |
| Lycium chinense mill. | Fruit | 3:1 | 1 | <75 | n.d. |
| Malus domesticaborkh. “Gold en delicious” | Fruit skin | 3:1 | 1 | 57.5* ± 9.2 | <25 |
| Melissa officinalis L. | Leaf | 4:1 | 0.01 | <25 | n.d. |
| Mentha aquatica L. | Leaf | 6:1 | 1 | <40 | n.d. |
| Momordica charantia L. | Fruit | 6:1 | 1 | <25 | n.d. |
| Nigella sativa L. | Seed | 4:1 | 0.1 | <25 | n.d. |
| Olea europaea L. | Leaf | 5:1 | 1 | <25 | n.d. |
| Origanum creticum L. | Leaf | 4:1 | 0.1 | <25 | n.d. |
| Panax ginseng c.a. mey | Root | 3:1 | 1 | <25 | n.d. |
| Peumus boldus molina | Leaf | n.d | 1 | <40 | n.d. |
| Potentilla aurea L. | Herb | 8:1 | 0.1 | <25 | n.d. |
| Pueraria lobata (willd.) ohwi | Root | 4:1 | 1 | <50 | n.d. |
| Punica granatum L. | Fruit skin | 3:1 | 0.1 | <25 | n.d. |
| Rosa rugosa thunb. | Flower | n.d | 0.1 | <30 | n.d. |
| Rosmarinus officinalis L. | Leaf | 5:1 | 0.1 | <25 | n.d. |
| Salvia officinalis L. | Leaf | 5:1 | 0.1 | <25 | n.d. |
| Sarcopoterium spinosum (L.) spach | Root | 28:1 | 1 | <25 | n.d. |
| Syzygium aromaticum(L.) merr. and l.m.perry | Flower | n.d. | 0.1 | <25 | n.d. |
| Thymus vulgaris L. | Herb | 6:1 | 1 | <25 | n.d. |
| Vaccinium myrtillus L. | Fruit | 2:1 | 1 | <80 | n.d. |
| Vitis vinifera L. | Seed (pomace) | 27:1 | 1 | <40 | n.d. |