Table 1.
Comparison of clinical characteristics of the study cohort before and after propensity score matching
| Initial populations | Propensity score matched populations | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COVID-19 patients on prior VKA N = 648 |
COVID-19 patients on prior DOAC N = 1627 |
p-value | SMD | COVID-19 patients on prior VKA N = 635 |
COVID-19 patients on prior DOAC N = 635 |
p-value | SMD | |||||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 67.90 | 12.88 | 67.61 | 12.79 | 0.636 | 0.022 | 67.80 | 12.90 | 68.29 | 12.26 | 0.492 | 0.039 |
| Male sex | 363 | 56.02% | 859 | 52.80% | 0.164 | 0.065 | 353 | 55.59% | 371 | 58.43% | 0.308 | 0.057 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||||||
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 494 | 76.24% | 1133 | 69.64% | 0.002 | 0.149 | 482 | 75.91% | 481 | 75.75% | 0.948 | 0.004 |
| Hispanic or Latino | 65 | 10.03% | 117 | 7.19% | 0.024 | 0.101 | 64 | 10.08% | 59 | 9.29% | 0.635 | 0.027 |
| Unknown Ethnicity | 89 | 13.74% | 377 | 23.17% | 0.481 | 0.245 | 89 | 14.02% | 95 | 14.96% | 0.632 | 0.027 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 648 | 100% | 1627 | 100% | 1.000 | 0.000 | 635 | 100% | 635 | 100% | 1.000 | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 613 | 94.60% | 1479 | 90.90% | 0.003 | 0.143 | 600 | 94.49% | 602 | 94.80% | 0.803 | 0.014 |
| Heart failure | 270 | 41.67% | 574 | 35.28% | 0.004 | 0.132 | 265 | 41.73% | 249 | 39.21% | 0.360 | 0.051 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 322 | 49.69% | 721 | 44.32% | 0.020 | 0.108 | 314 | 49.45% | 311 | 48.98% | 0.866 | 0.009 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 393 | 60.65% | 984 | 60.48% | 0.941 | 0.003 | 386 | 60.79% | 389 | 61.26% | 0.863 | 0.010 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 105 | 16.20% | 239 | 14.69% | 0.363 | 0.042 | 103 | 16.22% | 96 | 15.12% | 0.589 | 0.030 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 570 | 87.96% | 1322 | 81.25% | < 0.001 | 0.187 | 557 | 87.72% | 553 | 87.09% | 0.735 | 0.019 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 170 | 26.24% | 367 | 22.56% | 0.062 | 0.086 | 166 | 26.14% | 160 | 25.20% | 0.700 | 0.022 |
| Cerebral infarction | 81 | 12.50% | 176 | 10.82% | 0.253 | 0.052 | 81 | 12.76% | 85 | 13.39% | 0.739 | 0.019 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 124 | 19.14% | 266 | 16.35% | 0.111 | 0.073 | 121 | 19.06% | 121 | 19.06% | 1.000 | 0.000 |
| Other venous embolism and thrombosis | 195 | 30.09% | 391 | 24.03% | 0.003 | 0.137 | 187 | 29.45% | 189 | 29.76% | 0.902 | 0.007 |
| Overweight/obesity | 397 | 61.27% | 913 | 56.12% | 0.025 | 0.105 | 387 | 60.94% | 389 | 61.26% | 0.908 | 0.006 |
| Diseases of the respiratory system | 543 | 83.80% | 1307 | 80.33% | 0.056 | 0.090 | 532 | 83.78% | 523 | 82.36% | 0.501 | 0.038 |
| Diseases of the nervous system | 528 | 81.48% | 1264 | 77.69% | 0.046 | 0.094 | 517 | 81.42% | 518 | 81.58% | 0.942 | 0.004 |
| Diseases of the digestive system | 526 | 81.17% | 1230 | 75.60% | 0.004 | 0.136 | 514 | 80.94% | 508 | 80.00% | 0.671 | 0.024 |
| Acute kidney failure and chronic kidney disease | 287 | 44.29% | 582 | 35.77% | < 0.001 | 0.175 | 277 | 43.62% | 272 | 42.84% | 0.777 | 0.016 |
| Diseases of liver | 130 | 20.06% | 290 | 17.82% | 0.214 | 0.057 | 129 | 20.32% | 136 | 21.42% | 0.629 | 0.027 |
| Neoplasms | 351 | 54.17% | 766 | 47.08% | 0.002 | 0.142 | 341 | 53.70% | 345 | 54.33% | 0.822 | 0.013 |
| Pharmacological therapy | ||||||||||||
| Beta blockers | 495 | 76.39% | 1228 | 75.48% | 0.647 | 0.021 | 485 | 76.38% | 485 | 76.38% | 1.000 | < 0.001 |
| ACE inhibitors | 396 | 61.11% | 836 | 51.38% | < 0.001 | 0.197 | 385 | 60.63% | 385 | 60.63% | 1.000 | < 0.001 |
| Angiotensin II inhibitors | 237 | 36.57% | 621 | 38.17% | 0.479 | 0.033 | 236 | 37.17% | 231 | 36.38% | 0.771 | 0.016 |
| Alpha blockers | 549 | 84.72% | 1282 | 78.80% | 0.001 | 0.154 | 537 | 84.57% | 542 | 85.35% | 0.695 | 0.022 |
| Antilipemic agents | 366 | 56.48% | 863 | 53.04% | 0.137 | 0.069 | 359 | 56.54% | 349 | 54.96% | 0.572 | 0.032 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 477 | 73.61% | 1091 | 67.06% | 0.002 | 0.144 | 466 | 73.39% | 463 | 72.91% | 0.849 | 0.011 |
| Diuretics | 455 | 70.22% | 1065 | 65.46% | 0.030 | 0.102 | 445 | 70.08% | 438 | 68.98% | 0.670 | 0.024 |
| Antiarrhythmics | 401 | 61.88% | 988 | 60.73% | 0.609 | 0.024 | 396 | 62.36% | 387 | 60.95% | 0.603 | 0.029 |
| Antiplatelets | 495 | 76.39% | 1228 | 75.48% | 0.647 | 0.021 | 485 | 76.38% | 485 | 76.38% | 1.000 | < 0.001 |
| Blood glucose regulation agents (including oral antidiabetics and insulin) | 554 | 85.50% | 1389 | 85.37% | 0.947 | 0.003 | 545 | 85.83% | 545 | 85.83% | 1.000 | < 0.001 |
ACE: Angiotensin-converting enzyme; DOAC: direct-acting oral anticoagulant; SD: standard deviation; SMD: standardized mean difference; VKA: vitamin K antagonist