Table 3.
Post-COVID closure announcement (CCA) participant regression main effects, versus Pre-CCA participants, with sensitivity analysis.
| Complete Sample | Sample After Removing All Participants Within 30 Days of CCA | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZINB - Binomial (modeling abstinence) | Betaa | Odds Ratio | Betaa | Odds Ratio |
| Drinking Frequency | 0.29* | 1.34 | 0.52** | 1.67 |
| Binge Drinkinga | ||||
| Alcohol Consequences | 0.27** | 1.31 | 0.45** | 1.58 |
| Cannabis Frequency | 0.03 | 1.03 | 0.08 | 1.09 |
| Cannabis Consequences | −0.06 | 0.94 | −0.05 | 0.96 |
| ZINB - Negative Binomial (modeling rate of use) | Betaa | Incidence Risk Ratio | Betaa | Incidence Risk Ratio |
| Drinking Frequency | 0.15** | 1.17 | 0.14* | 1.15 |
| Binge Drinking | −0.15* | 0.86 | −0.38** | 0.68 |
| Alcohol Consequences | 0.09* | 1.09 | 0.13* | 1.14 |
| Cannabis Frequency | 0.18* | 1.20 | 0.24* | 1.28 |
| Cannabis Consequences | 0.08 | 1.08 | 0.10 | 1.11 |
| Linear Regression (modeling mental health outcomes) | Betaa,b | Betaa,b | ||
| DSM Depression | 0.18* | 0.35** | ||
| DSM Anxiety | −0.20 | −0.16 | ||
| DSM Sleep | 0.02 | 0.14** | ||
| DSM Anger | 0.13** | 0.22** |
Note: *p < .05, **p < .01; ZINB = Zero-inflated negative binomial.
Model convergence was not achieved for the binomial part of ZINB models for binge drinking.
a
Beta values compare substance use outcomes in post-COVID closure announcement (CCA) participants to the reference group of pre-CCA participants.
b
Unstandardized betas in linear regression reflect effect sizes via raw unit differences between groups assessed pre- and post-CCA, with the pre-CCA group as the reference.