Table 3.

Summary of the linear mixed effects models^a for hippocampal subfield volumes.

	MS patients				Healthy subjects				F	P
	Female		Male		Female		Male
	B	FU	B	FU	B	FU	B	FU
Parasubiculum	57.8 ± 9.4	57.5 ± 9.6	65.6 ± 10.3	65.3 ± 10.8	59.8 ± 9.0	57.8 ± 8.5	66.1 ± 10.3	62.9 ± 10.4
Group									24.70	P < 0.001
Sex									20.30	P < 0.001
Time									39.30	P < 0.001
Sex × time									2.07	P = 0.090
Presubiculum	293.1 ± 32.5	288.1 ± 32.7	320.5 ± 38.1	315.4 ± 36.8	303.5 ± 30.4	295.4 ± 31.7	331.7 ± 40.2	321.3 ± 37.7
Group									18.01	P < 0.001
Sex									9.22	P < 0.001
Time									35.85	P < 0.001
Sex × time									0.88	P = 0.466
Subiculum	427.7 ± 42.1	424.5 ± 43.0	461.9 ± 46.3	457.2 ± 44.3	431.8 ± 41.4	427.3 ± 38.7	467.1 ± 48.8	462.4 ± 48.0
Group									1.35	P = 0.216
Sex									0.45	P = 0.117
Time									12.01	P < 0.001
Sex × time									0.45	P = 0.524
CA1	619.2 ± 68.0	613.8 ± 64.1	683.7 ± 67.9	679.1 ± 67.8	638.3 ± 24.6	629.0 ± 23.6	687.1 ± 69.1	679.5 ± 69.3
Group									12.11	P < 0.001
Sex									0.09	P = 0.781
Time									15.02	P < 0.001
Sex × time									8.33	P < 0.001
CA3	200.2 ± 26.9	201.0 ± 27.2	219.0 ± 27.7	220.6 ± 25.6	213.4 ± 23.7	210.8 ± 22.1	231.1 ± 25.0	228.5 ± 23.6
Group									28.30	P < 0.001
Sex									0.33	P = 0.322
Time									9.15	P < 0.001
Sex × time									1.70	P = 0.209
CA4	248.6 ± 26.5	248.7 ± 26.1	273.3 ± 29.0	274.6 ± 27.0	261.0 ± 24.9	256.4 ± 24.4	280.3 ± 29.9	275.3 ± 28.7
Group									47.02	P < 0.001
Sex									1.01	P = 0.239
Time									23.11	P < 0.001
Sex × time									1.87	P = 0.158
GCDG	291.2 ± 30.3	290.9 ± 30.6	322.31 ± 33.0	320.3 ± 33.4	302.3 ± 28.9	297.3 ± 28.1	323.4 ± 35.6	323.0 ± 33.9
Group									33.46	P < 0.001
Sex									0.31	P = 0.602
Time									17.90	P < 0.001
Sex × time									0.86	P = 0.115
HATA	59.5 ± 8.4	59.3 ± 8.3	65.6 ± 8.5	64.5 ± 8.6	62.6 ± 6.7	61.5 ± 6.3	68.0 ± 7.7	67.3 ± 7.5
Group									51.77	P < 0.001
Sex									0.88	P = 0.370
Time									9.33	P < 0.001
Sex × time									1.92	P = 0.203
Fimbria	80.3 ± 17.1	78.8 ± 16.8	86.3 ± 18.7	82.2 ± 18.8	86.4 ± 15.5	83.7 ± 16.1	99.5 ± 14.1	94.9 ± 14.3
Group									19.60	P < 0.001
Sex									0.77	P = 0.590
Time									11.51	P < 0.001
Sex × time									1.22	P = 0.104
Molecular layer	610.6 ± 57.9	606.0 ± 59.9	558.8 ± 54.1	554.6 ± 52.2	614.0 ± 61.1	612.4 ± 63.1	571.8 ± 48.7	562.4 ± 48.9
Group									20.92	P < 0.001
Sex									35.38	P < 0.001
Time									27.14	P < 0.001
Sex × time									12.03	P < 0.001
Hippocampal fissure	147.0 ± 21.7	144.2 ± 23.1	166.7 ± 23.1	164.5 ± 21.2	142.1 ± 57.2	144.1 ± 59.1	155.6 ± 23.3	155.0 ± 20.5
Group									14.03	P < 0.001
Sex									9.51	P < 0.001
Time									0.66	P = 0.302
Sex × time									5.57	P = 0.011
Hippocampal tail	506.9 ± 67.2	495.1 ± 65.5	539.6 ± 69.4	533.3 ± 70.7	541.0 ± 66.4	534.5 ± 65.2	586.6 ± 58.3	577.5 ± 58.5
Group									29.10	P < 0.001
Sex									0.11	P = 0.663
Time									10.08	P < 0.001
Sex × time									7.22	P = 0.008
Whole hippocampus	3396.3±	3363.6±	3679.4±	3641.7±	3425.8±	3384.7±	3751.5±	3702.6±
	309.7	296.8	336.7	335.7	284.5	275.7	355.1	338.9
Group									1.01	P = 0.199
Sex									41.80	P < 0.001
Time									50.79	P < 0.001
Sex × time									1.18	P = 0.261

Variables are presented as adjusted means ± standard deviation.

^aLinear models were adjusted for total intracranial volume, age and centre.

Significant P-values (Bonferroni corrected for multiple comparisons) are marked in bold.

B, baseline; CA1, 3, 4, cornu ammonis 1, 3, 4; FU, follow-up; GCDG, granule cell layer of dentate gyrus; HATA, hippocampus-amygdala transition area.