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. 2021 Aug 20;12:699746. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.699746

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Copyright © 2021 Razeghian, Suksatan, Sulaiman Rahman, Bokov, Abdelbasset, Hassanzadeh, Marofi, Yazdanifar and Jarahian

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The PTEN important roles in the regulation of cell response to TRAIL. Downregulation of PTEN results in unregulated activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, which in turn, leads to the tumor cell’s resistance to TRAIL. Nonetheless, PTEN up-regulating using therapeutic agents plus TRAIL may support TRAIL-induced apoptosis in TRAIL-resistant cells. TTRAIL, umor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand; PTEN, Phosphatase and tensin homolog; NF -kB, Nuclear actor-kappa B; mTOR, Mechanistic target of rapamycin; PI3K/AKT, Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; IKK, IkB kinase; FOXO, forkhead box transcription factors; Bad, Bcl2 associated agonist of cell death; RHEB, Ras homolog enriched in brain; S6K, S6 kinase; eIF4E, Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E.