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. 2021 Aug 20;12:699746. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.699746

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Copyright © 2021 Razeghian, Suksatan, Sulaiman Rahman, Bokov, Abdelbasset, Hassanzadeh, Marofi, Yazdanifar and Jarahian

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The CHOP-mediated up-regulation of DR5. The ER stress stimulates the induction of PERK, which supports phosphorylation of eIF2α, and thereby results in stimulation of translation of ATF4. Then, ATF4- ATF3- CHOP signaling pathway is elicited and contributes to the up-regulating DR5 expression, facilitating tumor cells-sensitivity to TRAIL. TRAIL, Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, CHOP, C/EBP homologous protein; PERK, Protein kinase R-like ER kinase; eIF2α, Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α; ATF3/4, Activating transcription factor 3/4; ER Stress, Endoplasmic reticulum stress; DISC, Activation of death-inducing signaling complex.