TABLE 2.
Main effects of PDI and cardiometabolic risk markers based on 466 plasma measurements of the 303 participants1
| PDI | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| hPDI | PDI | uPDI | |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 2.160 (0.637)1 | 1.003 (0.702) | –1.863 (0.719)1 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | –8.879 (2.657)1 | –4.199 (2.928) | 4.617 (3.010) |
| HbA1c, % | –0.057 (0.018)1 | –0.011 (0.020) | 0.043 (0.020)1 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | –0.918 (0.176)1 | –0.988 (0.192)1 | 0.225 (0.203) |
| Metabolic score2 | –0.979 (0.177)1 | –0.471 (0.198)1 | 0.557 (0.203)1 |
The analysis was based on 466 plasma measurements of the 303 participants, 163 of whom had repeated measurements. P < 0.05, main effects were expressed as the β coefficients (SEM) of the differential metabolic risk factors associated with per SD changes of PDIs. Multivariable adjustment considered age, energy intake, alcohol, smoking, physical activity, using of antibiotics, consumed any probiotics, and fecal sample characteristics as well as the repeated measurements (participant's ID as random intercept). HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; hPDI, healthy plant-based diet index; PDI, plant-based diet index; uPDI, unhealthy plant-based diet index.
The metabolic score (range: 5–20) was calculated as a sum of quintile scores of triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, BMI, and HbA1c, where 1 was assigned for the lowest quintiles and 5 for the highest quintiles of triglyceride, BMI, and HbA1c. The score was reversed for HDL cholesterol (1 for the highest quintile and 5 for the lowest quintile).